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Protease treatment of the plasma membranes could abolish the binding but NaIO_4 and glycosidase could not, indicating that nsLTP144 bound to plasma membranes protein without carbohydrate moiety. Using the homobifunctional cross-linking regent bissuberate (BS~3) and rice plasma membranes incubated with ~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144, we identified, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, a putative protein receptor on the rice plasma membranes with the molecular mass around 60 kDa. NsLTP144 can not trigger extracelluar alkalization in arabidopsis, but can abolish the extracellular alkalization effect of phytopathogen elicitor cryptogein, suggesting that cryptogein and nsLTP144 may bind to the same membrane protein. In vitro pull-down assay showed that nsLTP144 interacted with OsCaM1, a possible extracellular calmodulin, implying that nsLTP144 and OsCaM1 could function in the same signal transduction pathway. These results shed light on revealing the roles of nsLTP in vivo and make it promising to finally characterize the plasma membranes receptor of nsLTP.

发现~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144、~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP110与水稻细胞质膜均具有特异性结合，而且结合是饱和性的、可被竞争的，符合配体-受体结合的典型特征，同时用于对照实验的蛋白质~(125)I-Thioredoxin没有此特性，表明水稻细胞质膜上存在nsLTP的受体；利用可氧化糖基的NaIO_4和水解糖基的N\'-糖苷酶F处理水稻细胞质膜，再进行结合实验，结合活性几乎不受影响；而利用胰蛋白酶处理细胞膜则使得结合能力几乎完全丧失，表明其受体为没有经过糖基化修饰的蛋白质；利用交联剂BS~3交联配体一受体后，再进行SDS-PAGE分离和放射自显影，结果显示水稻细胞质膜上的nsLTP受体中有一个60kDa的蛋白质可以与nsLTP144发生特异性的结合，可能是其受体；细胞外碱化实验表明，nsLTP144不能促使拟南芥原生质体细胞培养液的细胞外碱化反应，却能猝灭来自植物病原菌的激发子Cryptogein刺激拟南芥原生质体产生的细胞外碱化反应，表明nsLTP和Cryptogein结合细胞膜上相同的位点，保护了植物细胞免受Cryptogein导致的细胞程序性死亡，并诱导系统获得性抗性的产生；体外Pull-down实验表明，nsLTP144和水稻的OsCaM1具有相互作用，暗示了nsLTP144和OsCaM1可能同在一个信号通路上起作用。

The preventing and remedying desertification puts into practice prevention as main,principle of combining ecology protection with Prevensing and remedying,principle of preventing and remedy and economy development and utilization coodinated and promoting,comprehensive preventing and remedying and chassified control combines,public particlpation and renovating person benifits combine for different responsibility body bearing different responsibility bearing principle,becanse of man-made fault causing desartification preventing and remedying responsibility carrying out action-person bearing principle,principle of gorernment mainly bearing desertification recovery caused by nature action and benifit's person undertaking reasonable burban and decide unified planing system,systen of desertification status investigation and monitoring early warning system,fallow,limited cultivating hand and help-the poor combined systen,prohibitory systan,priority region and urgent-action region system.

文摘：沙漠化防治实行预防为主，生态保护与防治结合原则，防治与经济开发利用相协调促进原则；综合防治与分类控制相结合；公众参与和整治者受益结合；对不同责任主体实行不同责任承担原则，由人为不当活动造成的沙漠化治理责任，实行行为者负担原则；对自然作用造成的沙漠化治理实行政府负担为主，受益者合理负担原则；确立统一规划制度；沙漠化状况调查评估与监测预警制度，休耕限耕和扶贫结合制度，禁限制度，优先区域与紧急行动区域制度。

This new platform, considering the relationship among teaching, learning and managing, solving the conflict of resources share and intelligence prosperity, adopting latest theory on learning and mature technology, has more advantages than the existing platform. Firstly, it integrates the advantages of Internet and Satellite communication system and achieves the seamless connection. Secondly, it adopts the coding technology of streaming media with MEPG-4, which makes it possible that the on-line instruction, the schedular broadcast instruction and the distributed course ware on demand can be broadcast on the two networks. Thirdly, it considers the problems of security, user certification and the protection of intelligence property. Fourthly, it is possible to link education resources from all united university, and is able to share resources for lifelong learning individuals or group.

此次清华大学远程教育播出平台的改造，本着现有平台与未来需求相结合；最新的学习理论与成熟的信息技术相结合；资源传输与对学生的学习支持相结合；教育资源开放与知识产权保护相结合的设计理念，综合考虑了远程教育环境中教、学、管三方面的需求和关系，因而具有多方面的优势：新平台整合了互联网和卫星网各自的优势，在技术上实现了天网与地网的无缝连接；新平台对传输的教育节目采用 MPEG-4编码方式进行流媒体播出，在传输上实现了基于两种网络的实时课堂直播、录播和基于互联网的分布式课件点播的多种需求；新平台集资源加密、用户认证和授权等功能于一体，可有效地保护远程教育中的知识产权；新平台将各联盟学校的教育资源进行整合后重新提供给学习的个体或团体，较好地实现了资源共享。

This suggested there might have cis-acting element in 3'-UTR. In order to search the possible trans-acting factor, we found RNA-protein band in H〓 cells and no band in 95D cells using 3'-UTR probe by RNA EMSA assay. At the same time, this band could be competed with the unlabled probe. There was also no band obsearved using 5'-UTR probe in both cells.

为了寻找可能与3'-UTR结合的蛋白质反式作用因子，用RNA凝胶阻滞(electrophoresis mobility shift assay，EMSA)的方法，我们在H〓细胞的胞浆蛋白质提取物与3'-UTR探针的结合反应中，发现了一条RNA-蛋白质的结合带，而在95D细胞没有结合带出现；而且这种结合带能被未标记探针竞争性抑制；5'-UTR的结合反应也没有观测到结合带的形成。

A series of study methods which can not research in this field begin to exert important affection. On the basis of the previous research, the following major innovative work was carried out in this dissertation.(1) Several methods including fluorescence spectra, CD and FT-IR specta methods were used to study the interaction of isoquinoline alkaloid、isoflavones and Rhein with serum albumin, and the results from every method was in good agreement;(2) The binding constants、the numbers of binding site、the binding region and the interaction force involving in the interaction of drugs and serum albumin were confirmed by Scatchard equation and Vant Hoff equation.

基于研究生物大分子与小分子相互作用具有极其重要的意义，本博士论文在前人工作的基础上，主要进行了以下几方面的创新性研究：(1)利用荧光光谱法、圆二色谱法、红外光谱法以及分子模拟等多种方法相结合研究了异喹啉类生物碱，异黄酮类化合物以及大黄酸与人血清白蛋白的相互作用，获得了准确一致的信息；(2)根据Scatchard方程和Vant Hoff方程详细研究计算了异喹啉类生物碱以及大黄酸与蛋白质结合机理包括结合常数、结合位点数、结合区域、结合力。

Radiolabeled pharmacological binding assay showed: 1 BmK AS bound specifically to a single class of non-interacting binding sites on both rat brain and cockroach nerve cord synaptosomes with high affinity and low low capacity. The association of BmK AS with both synaptosomes was quick to reach equilibrium, but the dissociation seemed to be only partial. The specific binding of BmK AS was independent of membrane potential, and couldn't be modified by veratridine. Moreover, the binding of BmK AS could be inhibited by native BmK AS, BmK AS1, BmK IT2 and BmK IT on both synaptosomes, but not or partially inhibited by BmK Ⅰ and suggesting BmK AS type neurotoxins might bind to a distinct receptor site on mammal and insect sodium channels with a similar manner from β-scorpion toxins.

二。蝎毒素多肽配体与哺乳动物和昆虫靶离子通道受体的药理结合特性及其靶结合位点的研究：经放射性标记结合和竞争抑制实验表明：1）BmK AS在大鼠脑和蟑螂神经索突触体上有单一非协同性高亲和力低结合容量结合位点，能快速结合并达到平衡，但仅能部分解离，其结合不依赖于膜电位，也不受藜芦碱调节，天然的BmK AS，BmK AS-1，BmK IT2和BmK IT可抑制〓AS与两种突触体的特异结合，而BmK Ⅰ无或仅有部分抑制效应。

An antibody binding to IGF-IR and inhibiting the binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to IGF-IR which is characterized in that said antibody is a is ofIgG1 isotype, b shows a ratio of IC50 values of inhibition of the binding of IGF-I to IGF-IR to the inhibition of binding of IG-II to IGF-IR of 1:3 to 3:1, c inhibits for at least 80% at a concentration of 5 nM IGF-IR phospohrylation in a cellular phosphorylation assay using 3T3 cells providing 400,000 to 600,000 molecules IGF-IR per cell in a medium containing 0.5% heat inactivated fetal calf serum when compared to such an assay without said antibody, and d shows no IGF-IR stimulating activity measured as IGF-IR phophorylation at a concentration of 10 M in a cellular phosphorylation assay using 3T3 providing 400,000 to 600,000 molecules IGF-IR per cell in a medium containing 0,5% heat inactivated fetal calf serum when compared to such an assay without said antibody has improved properties in antitumor therapy.

一种已经提高了抗肿瘤治疗的特性的抗体，所述抗体结合IGF-IR并且抑制IGF-I和IGF-II与IGF-IR结合，其特征在于所述抗体a是IgG1同种型，b显示其对IGF-I与IGF-IR结合的抑制的IC 50 值与其对IGF-II与IGF-IR结合的抑制的IC 50 值的比率为1∶3-3∶1，c当与没有所述抗体的这种测定比较时，其在5nM的浓度上，在包含0.5％的热灭活胎牛血清的培养基中，使用3T3细胞的细胞磷酸化测定中，抑制至少80％的IGF-IR磷酸化，所述3T3细胞提供400，000-600，000分子IGF-IR/细胞，和d当与没有所述抗体的这种测定相比，在包含0.5％的热灭活胎牛血清的培养基中，使用3T3的细胞磷酸化测定中，其在10μM的浓度上没有显示作为IGF-IR磷酸化所测量的IGF-IR刺激活性，所述3T3提供400，000-600，000分子IGF-IR/细胞。

The nanoplex were smaller than the unmodified nHAP; thelipiodol/nanoplex emulsion, with the mean diameter at 75±11.8nm can disperse moreuniformly and be more soluble and stable, contrary to the unmodified nHAP and nanoplex Conclusion: Nanoplex/pDNA mass ratios greater than 15 had exhibited completepDNA absorption onto positive charged polyplex and pDNA protection from thedestruction of nucleinase in rabbit serum. Unmodified nHAP may can\'t induce effectivegene delivery.PartⅡThe construction of the recombint eukaryotic expressive vector ofwild-type human p53 and RbObjective: To construct the recombint eukaryotic expressive vector of wild-type humanp53 and Rb by utilizing the theory of molecular medicine.

结果nHAP颗粒本身大小小于100nm，但由于颗粒表面本身带负电，不能包括有效地结合及保护DNA；经Ca~(2+)修饰后，颗粒可带正电，可一定程度地结合和保护DNA，但聚合物本身的中性电与带负电的细胞膜结合，而且本身的颗粒则变地容易聚集而成为很大的颗粒，也不利于细胞的吞噬；经PLL修饰后，颗粒溶解性提高，直径变小，表面带正电，电泳结果显示PLL-nHAP颗粒可包括有效地结合和保护DNA免受兔血清的破坏，而且复合物表面的正电也包括有利于与细胞膜的结合与吞噬。

Pulse tracings have characteristics of complex system .

脉象具有复杂性系统的基本特征，将复杂性科学方法论的4条基本原则，即还原方法与整体方法相结合，微观分析与宏观综合相结合，静态分析与动态考察相结合，定性判断与定量描述相结合，尝试运用于脉诊现代研究中，提出&周期整体&假说。

According to Marxist side, point of view and method, especially under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping\'s theory, the author first explores and analyses the historical, cultural, social, economic and political sources of the hard-dying corruption, then suggests the following for its solution:"treating it by looking into both its root cause and symptoms","guarding against and attacking it","a quick campaign and a long-term strategy","construction of both material civilization and ideological civilization","comprehensive administration and elimination of its single parts" and eight specific measures. The dissertation emphasizes that corruption spreading trend can be put to an end gradually through comprehensive administration, by all available means at the same time, especially by taking into consideration initiating new policies and building the organ to guard and fight against corruption.

按照马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，特别是以邓小平理论为指导，对当前我国腐败现象久遏不止的历史文化根源，社会变迁根源，经济根源和政治根源等进行分析与探索，从而提出了标本兼治、打防结合、战役速决与战略持久相结合，物质文明建设与精神文明建设相结合、综合治理与专项清理相结合的总体思路和八条具体对策，着重强调应从制度创新和建立防腐反腐的机制上着手，多管齐下，通过综合治理，逐渐把腐败现象蔓延的势头遏制住。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。