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Firstly,it reviews the history of aesthetic disinterestedness.

论文以三个命题阐述康德美学与中国现代美学的内在关联：首先，回溯审美无利害的历史，结合中国传统美学，从审美态度、艺术独立的角度阐明审美无利害命题的重要作用，审美无利害性既奠定了现代美学学术的独立性，又揭示出现代美学的基本性质与特征；其次，诠释康德美学中的审美自由概念，在现代美学的语境中阐释了"美是道德的象征"的命题，同时阐明审美游戏与美育的自由特征，审美自由显示出现代美学的超越精神和乌托邦精神；第三，艺术的人生观或者人生的艺术化将艺术与人生紧密地联系起来，审美人生展示出现代美学的审美理想，成为现代美学的价值归宿。

A review of the literature in Taiwan revealed a lack of recent systematic analysis on dysphasia. The purpose of this article was to discuss dysphasia within the concept analysis framework provided by Walker and Avant (2004). This article verified and confirmed the conceptual characteristics of dysphasia; identified antecedents and consequences; and elaborated on previous cases (including model, borderline, contradictory, and related cases).

虽然目前有不少的文献探讨吞咽障碍的评估与处置，但并无针对吞咽障碍作有系统的概念分析，故本文依Walker及Avent(2004)提出概念澄清与分析方法来进行吞咽障碍的概念分析，广泛性地查证此概念之定义及确认吞咽障碍的概念性特徵，并且列举典型、边缘与相反案例作说明，同时确认吞咽障碍发生的前因与后果并阐述相关实证资料。

They can be classificated to two kinds. One kind is build by photomultiplier; another kind is build by MCP. The mechanism of delayed luminescence is discussed with subradiation. A photon count system is built. To proof the biophoton is a kind of ultra weak photon stream originate from exothermic reaction, and primarily discuss the relationship between the delayed luminescence and proteins activity, we chose microphyllous banyan leave , ficus elastica leave, gingkgo leave, Chinese fan palm leave, and cinnamomum camphora leave as biological samples. The ultra weak photon emission from normal biosamples, and proteins inactivated biosample were measured separately with photon count system. The results showed that the delayed luminescence of biosamples have

在研究过程中，作者从辐射陷获的角度讨论了延迟发光的产生机制，对生物光子的生物化学起源与相干场起源的统一性进行了探索；自行搭建了单光子探测系统；测量了小叶榕树、印度橡树，银杏树，蒲葵树香和樟树等多种植物叶片样品的延迟发光，获得了大量实验数据；为了证明生物光子是一种起源于放热化学反应能量释放的微弱光子流，并初步探讨生物蛋白活性与延迟发光衰减之间的关系，测量了正常生物样品、生物蛋白灭活样品的延迟发光，同时测量了多种不含蛋白质的无机化学体系作为比对，实验结果和实验数据的回归分析表明：弱光子发射来源于放热的化学反应，延迟发光的强度与衰减时间与生物蛋白活性密切相关。

This thesis argues that the folk belief not only to relate to the state and folk society, but also to be a independent filed from state and folk society. The folk belief needs to get approvement from the state, and also needs to get admition from the folk society. To utilize state and to copy society is a strategy that the belief does get approvement and admition.

文章认为民间信仰既是与国家及民间社会有着紧密联系但同时又相对独立于国家与民间社会的领域，对于国家，民间信仰需要获得其认可，对于民间社会，民间信仰需要获得其承认，征借国家与复制社会即是民间信仰为获致认可与承认而具体运作的策略。

This article is based on the research of Mr. Li Yinghai"s monograph the modes of Music of the Han nationality and their harmony, his music composition and a series of his vocal music works, piano works. From the structure of the chord, the harmonic progression, the modes and tonality, texture composition style, the style of dealing with the skill and technique of national music sound simulation, etc. the author expounds Mr. Li Yinghai"s great achievement and his precious experience on academic research and application on national mode harmony in detail.1. Music composition should regard nationalitys traditional music as foundation, and at the same time use European traditional skill and technique of music composition for reference, seek the harmony of traditional skill and technique, modern idea and national style. Only in this way could we promote research of the national music theory and creation of the national music.2. Theory stems from practice, guides practice again at the same time. And theory is developing, perfecting constantly in practice.

文章以黎英海先生的理论专著《汉族调式及其和声》以及他创作、改编的一系列声乐作品、钢琴作品为研究对象，从和弦结构、和声进行、调式调性、织体写法、间音处理手法、民族音乐音色模拟技法等方面详细论述了黎英海先生在民族调式和声理论的研究与应用上取得的丰硕成果与宝贵经验及其给我们的两点启示：1、音乐创作应以民族传统音乐为根基，以欧洲传统作曲技法为借鉴，努力探求音乐创作中传统技法、现代理念与民族风格的和谐统一，以此推动民族音乐理论的研究与民族音乐的创作。2、理论来源于实践，同时又指导实践，并在实践中不断发展、完善。

They all are placed in the tie and durance of the feudalism social morals medium. Helping that they get away from this kind of non-person ground, playwrights write they fight for the free of love and marriage and the inclemency social milieu unyielding with idealize of writing, give this kind of the conflict with the ray of light of the victory at the same time. They carry on the brave conflict with the improbity influence, feudalism parent that broken love and marriage, or give with heartless taunt and counter-attack towards playing with the female, betray the reverse side person of love, making oneself end can carry out the dignity and the right of be the person.

为了帮助她们摆脱这种非人境地，剧作家们以一种理想化的笔法写出了她们为争取自由的爱情婚姻与险恶的社会环境所进行的不屈不挠的斗争，同时又赋予这种斗争以胜利的光芒，她们或与破坏爱情婚姻的邪恶势力、封建家长进行勇敢的斗争，或对玩弄女性、背叛爱情的反面人物给以无情的嘲讽与反击，使自己最终能够实现身为人的尊严与权利。

Firstly, the recent developments in controllability and observability for switched system are reviewed. Secondly, by means of properties of invariant subspace, the controllability for switched systems with continuous-time and discrete-time subsystems, and a class of discrete impulsive switched systems is respectively investigated. Some sufficient and necessary conditions of controllability are proved. In the end, some simple criterions for controllability and observability of switched symmetric composite systems are set up.

首先介绍了切换系统能控性与能观性方面的一些重要结论；其次，用不变子空间的性质分别研究了同时含有连续子系统和离散子系统的切换系统和一类离散脉冲切换系统的能控性，建立了相应的充分性与必要性判别准则；最后，研究了切换对称组合系统的能控性与能观性，得到了此系统能控性与能观性的简单判据。

The invention discloses a DC/DC circuit, comprising a PWM controller, a current amplifier, a peak current comparator, an error amplifier, a main switch, a synchronous switch and also an operational amplifier. The non inverting input end of the operational amplifier is used for coupling with input voltage or voltage reference, or used for coupling with the input voltage and the voltage reference; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is used for coupling with the voltage reference or ground, and the output end thereof is connected with the non inverting input end of the error amplifier.

本发明公开了一种DC/DC电路，包括PWM控制器、电流放大器、峰值电流比较器、误差放大器、主开关和同步开关；还增设运算放大器，其同相输入端用于与输入电压或基准电压耦合，或用于同时与输入电压和基准电压耦合；其反相输入端用于与基准电压或地耦合，其输出端与所述误差放大器的同相输入端连接。

In the process of realizing the remote control of electromotor meter, it probes into the realization of the GPRS wireless collector emphatically which is on the kernel ground. It adopts the means of area-centralizing control to manage the electromotor meters affiliated by it. It communicates with the central control station by GPRS Modem and transmits the commands and data to the instrument by wireless, which makes the collection and transmission of the field data come true. In the process of realizing the remote control of voltage transformer meter, according to the actual requirement, it adopted the chips and modules that are different from the front means to design and realize the GPRS wireless communicating controller corresponding with the devices. It also introduces the mixed—mode Communication integrating the GSM with GPRS to settle the problem that too many GPRS terminals connecting with the central control station synchronously will affect the performance of the central control station.As a whole system, the central control station is the kernel of the digital oil field.

在油田电机表远程控制方案实现中，着重介绍了处于核心地位的GPRS无线集中器的实现，它采用区域集中控制的方式管理下属的石油电机表，与主控站采用GPRS Modem进行通信，与仪表则采用无线电方式进行命令和数掘的传输，实现了现场数据采集传输；在配电变压器表远程控制方案实现中，根据应用需要，采用与前一个方案完全不同的硬件芯片和模块，设计实现了与仪表设备——对应的GPRS无线通信控制器，并针对同时挂接在主控站上的GPRS终端太多会对主控站性能产生一定的影响这个问题，引入了GSM和GPRS相结合的混合通信模式。

The relationships of the infracallosal segment of the PerA to the CMA and the A2 segment of the PerA to the frontopolar artery were examined. The distance between the nasion and the site at which a parallel line directed along the long axis of the infracallosal PerA just proximal to the origin of the CMA artery crosses the forehead (which we have named the PC point) was also measured. In addition, the surgical approaches to DACAA were examined in stepwise dissections.

在10具血管经彩色乳胶灌注的尸头上检查大脑前动脉远段区域的显微解剖，了解胼周动脉胼下段与胼缘动脉及胼周动脉A2段与额极动脉的关系，同时测量鼻根部与胼缘动脉起点处近端胼周动脉长轴延长线与额部交点间的距离，并模拟外科入路至大脑前动脉远段动脉瘤。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。