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The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Today spring since, changsha building city appeared the impetus of villatic sell like hot cakes, ambry of rustic real wood begins the beautiful type villa that matchs to it be popular; What at the same time need reminds is, if new clothes is repaired kitchen, did not consider function of seeing and hearing, that explains you had had a place " vulgar "-- because newest kitchen is being changed to recreation,evolve, make " boil " Fu people in cooking cate while, also can enjoy all contemporary elements of elegant vogue on spirit at the same time.

今春以来，长沙楼市出现了别墅热销的势头，与之相匹配的美式别墅乡村实木橱柜开始大行其道；同时需要提醒的是，假如新装修的厨房，没有考虑到视听功能，那说明你已经有点"老土"了——因为最新的厨房正在向娱乐化演变，使"煮"妇们在烹饪美食的同时，同时在精神上也能享受优雅时尚的一切现代元素。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

It can disperse the haze of the depths of our hearts and ignorance, spread the knowledge of light and lofty, will lead us to the pinnacle of glory; that a classic literary masterpiece, the Ministry opened a fan of your mind the window, which allows you to understand that society, to understand the history, in the eloquent words, bring you a fresh figure to a soul's dialogue with thoughts and feelings at the same time upgrading; which readily Collected Works of miscellaneous books dapper frank, passionate, excited turbid Yang Qing, something happens and even caustic merciless, but embracing the philosophy, giving people with wisdom and truth, people Maosaidunkai; which Pianpian beautiful and passionate prose, astute, smooth and gratification, profound thinking and the brilliant vitality, it is taught us to capture life, so that we really understand the "Ren Zhiqing,""live meaning,""is reasonable in"; that contain thousands of song after another taste of the poem, let us read a romantic nature and Yun Li, read out of life with poetic grace, love and intellect, free and easy and indifferent to, the most unusual is that we read out the poem Painting in the Painting realize the true meaning of life and life's wonderful!

它能驱散我们心灵深处的阴霾和愚昧，播撒知识的光明与崇高，将我们引向辉煌的巅峰；那一部部经典文学巨著打开了你一扇扇心灵之窗，它让你了解了那个社会，了解那段历史，在洋洋洒洒的文字中让你和一个个鲜活的人物进行心灵的对话，同时进行着思想与情感的提升；那一本本短小精悍的杂文集爽快直率，热情奔放，激浊扬清，有事甚至是尖刻无情，但却包罗哲理、给人以睿智与真情，让人茅塞顿开；那一篇篇优美而充满激情的散文，感觉敏锐，流畅而痛快，思想深邃而灼灼活力，它教会了我们捕捉生活，使我们真正理解了"人之情"、"活之意"、"理之在"；那一首首蕴含万千情趣的诗，让我们读到了自然的浪漫与蕴理，读出了人生的诗性与风度，情爱与理智，洒脱与淡泊，最难得的是我们在诗中读出了画意，在画意中悟出了生活的真谛和人生的美好！

KIR bind corresponding HLA-Ⅰmay hame four results followed:1、When inhibitory KIR bind HLA-Ⅰand there has no activatory KIR bind it,cell isn\'t dissolve because inhibitory signal access was done;2、When activatory KIR bind corresponding HLA-Ⅰand there has no inhibitory KIR bind it,form activate signal,lead cell dissolve.3、If activatory or inhibitory receptor both bind HLA-Ⅰ,both signal access is make done,when activatory signal play the main role,NK cell still actived,lead target cell dissolve.4、If activatory or inhibitory receptor both bind HLA-Ⅰ,both signal access is make done,when inhibitory signal play the main role,or both signal access don\'t play,NK cell do not make effect.this is NK cell recognice nomal tissue.

与活化型KIR受体相比，抑制型KIR受体与HLA-Ⅰ类抗原结合的亲和性更强，当抑制型和活化型KIR受体识别和结合同一HLA-Ⅰ类抗原分子时，以抑制作用为主。KIR与相应HLA-Ⅰ结合后可能产生以下4种情况：①当抑制型KIR与HLA-Ⅰ结合而无活化型KIR与HLA-Ⅰ相互作用时，因抑制信号通路启动而不产生细胞溶解；②当活化型KIR与靶细胞表面的相应HLA-Ⅰ结合同时无抑制型KIR与HLA-Ⅰ的相互作用时，形成刺激信号通路，导致靶细胞溶解。

Three kinds of BCRC No.51534, 10322 and 10675 would be selected and acted as an experimental sample of Escherichia coli. Results shows that Escherichia coli of No.51534 will appear better performance because the maximum of open circuit voltage, closed current and power density are 1.01V, 22mA and 1342mW/m2, respectively. Concerning the effect of culture time with respect to different phase type on the electricity performance of MFCs, the time points on the intersection between lag phase and logarithmic phase, the middle of point of stationary phase for growth curve of Escherichia coli would appear a good performance of MFCs. In addition, the BCRC No. 51534 Escherichia coli possessing a better performance of MFCs than others would be suggested and applied to further studying. Comparison with the performance of MFCs with respect to electron mediator under different mole number, result shows that electron mediator of methylene blue with 4.63mM would appear a better electricity performance of MFCs than others. Concerning the different material of proton exchange membrane with PTFE-Nafion, Nafion 211, 212 and 117 with respect to the performance of MFCs, result shows that the Nafion 117 applied in MFCs will have a better performance of MFCs than other cases. Finally, the effect of molar concentration on the performance of MFCs would be expected at the studied cases of 0.4M, 0.2M, 0.1M and 0.05M respectively for cathode oxidant, result shows that a good performance of MFCs will happen at the condition of 0.2M. Those observations will be useful to improvement of MFCs in the further study.

於上述电池系统条件下，进行大肠杆菌生长曲线、电子传递介质、质子交换膜、电极与阴极氧化剂对电池电性效能分析；选择编号10322、10675与51534之大肠杆菌为实验菌株，依定量培养之生长曲线取出代表不同时生长特性时期的培养时间，利用亚甲基蓝作为电子传递介质进行实验分析从所测得的电量进行分析，以编号51534之大肠杆菌的微生物燃料电池有最大的开路电压为1.01V及最大闭路电流为22mA；当极化曲线中电压为0.47V、电流为11.4 mA时有最大的功率密度为1342 mW/m2；加以负载有平均工作功率密度294 mW/m2；从生长曲线与电性效能来分析，得知生长曲线的迟滞期与对数期的转变点与静止期的中间点有最佳电性效能表现；对於加入不同莫耳数之电子传递介质methylene blue、neutral red与thionine之电池效能表现，则以加入4.63mM methylene blue电子传递介质的电池有较佳平均功率密度230 mW/m2；另对於质子交换膜PTFE-Nafion、Nafion 211、Nafion 212与Nafion 117之电池效能表现，以Nafion 117质子交换膜的电池有较佳平均功率密度340 mW/m2；对於分析加入不同莫耳数浓度0.4M、0.2M、0.1M与0.05M的阴极氧化剂之电池效能，则以0.2M的阴极氧化剂的电池可得到较佳平均功率密度429 mW/m2。

With a durable stainless steel case and an elastometer band, no longer will you have to navigate blindly whether it be on the streets, trails or mountain tops. The built in digital compass will ensure that you'll always have direction. Similarly, the built in barometer identifies storms, records weather trends, and has a weather graph display. The watch has a day counter and countdown clock, to or from, special days.

当您看到时，表示您与各个国家的消费者同时享受最低折扣，因大家可能同时订购，热门商品常在很短时间内销售一空。9inthebox将以订购先后顺序出货；因各国时差问题，在您订购后若商品有缺货情形，9inthebox将会取消此笔订购，并以E-mail通知您；同时，此笔金额不会向您的发卡行请款。

Of the 26 lesions with pontine and bulbar involvement, three had no association with other lesions (Fig 2). Twelve were associated with tegmental and superior cerebellar peduncular extension, and six showed corticospinal tract involvement in continuity with an MDJ lesion. In one patient with additional telencephalic lesions, the right side of the pons was hyperintense on long TR/TE images that did not cross the midline, suggestive of an arterial lesion (Fig 3). In two patients with pontine tegmental lesions, there was an associated middle cerebellar peduncle and deep cerebellar white matter involvement (Fig 4). Two others had associated cervical lesions.

在26处脑桥延髓区病灶中，3处病灶仅限于脑桥延髓区，其它部位无病灶（图2）；12处病灶还同时伴有背盖部和小脑上脚/结合臂处病灶；6处病灶为与中脑-间脑接合处病灶相连的皮质脊髓束受累；还有1例患者除端脑见病灶外，右侧脑桥于T2像也见高信号病灶，但未超越正中线，提示可能系动脉病变所致（图3）；2例脑桥背盖部病灶的患者同时伴有小脑中脚/小脑脑桥脚和小脑深部白质受累（图4）；还有2处脑桥延髓区病灶还同时伴有颈髓病灶。

The special features of this plan are its interdisciplinary (anthropological, historical, and literary) combination of methods and visions and its broad use of artifacts, documents (investigative reports, local gazettes, travel writings, and even novels and plays), and visual images in presenting and expounding upon the elements of "people and locality"(people and their relationship with their environmental ecology),"people and people"(the various social identities and distinctions between peoples), and "people and heaven"(the life customs and religious beliefs of humankind) associated with these archived items.

本计划之特色在於结合跨学科方法与视野，广泛运用各种文物、文书（调查报告、方志游记、乃至小说、戏曲等材料）与图像资料，来诠释与呈现这些材料背后的「人与地」、「人与人」(人群间各种社会认同、区分)、「人与天」（人类之生命礼俗与宗教信仰）等情境，同时呈现中国族群研究的多元论述与探讨中国民族形成的历史过程。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。