与...可比较的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

We indicate that when wavelength number is larger than 16, even 8, all of the networks show good small blocking performance. Further, we discuss different aspects that affecting blocking, including routing, wavelength number, wavelength assignment, wavelength conversion, multi-fiber and network connectivity. We find out that increasing wavelength or implementing multi-fiber can reduce blocking dramatically while in light loads (＜0.4Er), fixed alternate routing or First Fit wavelength assignment can improve the performance to some extent.

为了进一步获得更优的阻塞特性，研究比较了影响阻塞率的几个重要方面，包括路由（固定路由与固定可选路由）、波长数与波长分配算法、波长变换与多光纤、网络连接度，结果表明阻塞特性通过增加波长或采用多光纤可以得到明显的改善，在负载较轻时(＜0.4Er)，改用可选路由方式或First Fit波长分配算法也可以一定程度地改善阻塞率，但是这种改善受网络连接度和波长数的影响比较明显。

For gas flow past cylinder, the characters of flow field in different Mach number and Knudsen number condition were investigated, and especially for low Knudsen number cases, the results were compared with calculating results of Euler's equation. It showed that they are correspondent by comparing the characters of bow shock and wake. The convergence rates of different high resolution and implicit schemes were also investigated. The convergence behavior of the implicit WENO scheme developed in this paper is better than others. For gas flow past NACA 0012 airfoil, the calculating results were compared with results of experiment. It showed that the results of WENO scheme are of higher accuracy for the case with angle of attack.

在圆柱流场时，我们探讨不同马赫数且不同纽森数时的流场特性，并在低纽森数时，与那维尔-史托克方程式的计算结果比较，我们比较了弓形震波及尾流附近的特性，其结果是相当符合的，同时我们也比较不同高解析隐式算则的收敛历程，从收敛历程图可得到，本文发展出来的隐式WENO算则有较佳的收敛效果；在NACA 0012翼形的流场中，我们将与实验结果做比较，发现利用WENO算则计算的结果，对於具有攻角的流场，亦有相当高的准确度。

Compare with the explosion method ,it can be understood that the two methods has respective advantage,if we want to expend the industry,we have to consider in severa ways to make a desition.

在与爆炸法生产的墨粉进行比较以后，可得出如下结论，盘管处理方法与爆破法各有优点，想要进行工业推广还须经过多方面比较论证。

At the bookish assembly hosted by Secretary General Huang Chin-ying on January 3, Mr. Chang Pei-chen presented the first report on the Secrets of the 17-year Cicada written by Japanese Jin Yoshimura, a specialist of eco-mathematical model and biological evolution. The book was adapted from Yoshimura』s paper published in American Scientist in 1996, exploring the causes of evolution of magicicadas. Based on the duration of dormancy, magicicadas fall into two groups: the 13-year and 17-year periodical cicadas. Based on the principle of the survival of the fittest, as the lowest common multiple was larger, there were fewer groups proliferating at the same time to prevent damage of their ecological regularity as a result of hybridization.

1月3日读书会在黄晋英秘书长主持下，第一篇由张培臣先生报告《17年蝉之谜》，作者为日本人吉村仁，专攻生态数学模型与生物演化理论，本书改写自吉村仁於1996发表於《美国自然学家》期刊的论文，探讨质数蝉的演化缘由；依若虫期蛰伏於土壤中年份的不同，质数蝉大致可分为13年及17年两类，在天择情形下，因为最小公倍数比较大，同一时间的繁殖群相对比较少，可避免杂交而破坏其生态规律。

In this thesis, the methods of surrounding rock masses stability classification on the basis of the geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM are approached, especially as follows:①The geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM in the Yellow River Diversion Project.of shanxi province is summarized systematically;②Based on the geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM, that whether the common methods of surrounding rock masses stability (the methods of regular factor classification) classification are feasible, is carried on the discussion;③According to the corresponding relation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM and the surrounding rock masses stability type, the extension assessment method of tunnel surrounding rock masses stability classification is set up, also the corresponding fortran calculation procedure worked out, and not only rational result in conformity with the reality can be obtained, but also the stability situation of surrounding rock masses in front of the working range can be predicted according to the change of the dependent value in the application instance of Yellow River Diversion Project;④Combining with the application instance of Yellow River Diversion Project, extension assessment method in the application of surrounding rock masses stability classification is compared and verificated in detail by applying fuzzy synthesis method by forefathers, and a certain degree discussion and summary about the application achievement of surrounding rock masses stability classification, which is assessed by extension assessment method and fuzzy synthesis method, are carried on.

本文基于渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录提供的地质信息进行了围岩稳定分类方法的探讨，重点进行：①对引黄工程中渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录的系统整理；②基于渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录获得的地质信息，对常用围岩稳定分类方法是否能够进行围岩稳定分类进行了探讨；③根据渣料和TBM掘进参数与围岩稳定类型的对应关系，应用可拓理论，建立了隧洞围岩稳定分类的可拓评价方法，还编制了相应的fortran计算程序，并在引黄工程的应用实例中不仅取得了与客观实际相符的合理结果，而且根据其关联度值的变化能够预测临近掌子面前方围岩的稳定情况；④结合引黄工程的应用实例运用模糊综合评判方法对可拓评判方法在围岩稳定分类中的应用进行了详细的验证、比较，并对前人在运用可拓学和模糊数学进行岩体稳定评判的应用成果方面，进行了一定的探讨、总结。

As information is almost dealt with by the workers in Chongqing Sichuan Instrument Factory No.1, with the increase of number in goods, information unclarity between developing and planning, planning and working, material providing and manufacturing sectors becomes increasingly outstanding, and the information can not be well detected.

在川仪一厂，由于生产中物料的交叉使用、再生利用、多用途使用等特点，使得物流过程比较复杂，信息的处理也采用传统的人工方式，因此随着产品种类与数量的增多，开发与计划，计划与生产，物资与生产等部门之间的信息混乱这个现象日益突出，信息的可追溯性较差，准确度和可利用度低。

The Au/AuGe(88/12)/Au back-contact metal structure was deposited on the GaAs substrate using an electron-beam evaporator. Various post thermal treatments were employed including conventional furnace and rapid thermal annealing. It was found that the outer Au layer thickness and furnace annealing temperature had large effects on the specific contact resistance.

在实验中我们在砷化镓基板背面进行蒸镀背金结构，而此背金结构是由三层金属所组成，分别为金/锗(12%)金(88%)/金，我们控制最外层金的厚度来量测与观察特徵接触电阻的大小，同时改变炉管加热的温度与快速热退火系统做比较，背金结构之元素分布比较可由欧杰电子分析得到，而扫描式电子显微镜可分析其两者之间的表面形貌差异。

Results: Compared with IR group , XSOL could significantly decrease the cerebral water content, the cerebral index, the brain vascular permeability in rats of acute incomplete brain ischemia-reperfusion (P.01,P.05). Cerebral tissue morphology showed that neuronic damage of rats subjected to acute incomplete brain ischemia-reperfusion was ameliorated following administration of XSOL (2.4, 9.6g/kg). Compared with IR group , XSOL could significantly decrease the content of MDA and NO in brain tissue(P.01,P.05)and increase SOD,GSH-px activity. The levels of cerebral Glu,Asp were cut down(P.01,P.05). Conclusion: XSOL shows protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

结果：与缺血再灌注组比较，XSOL大、小剂量组可以显著降低急性不完全性脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠的脑含水量(P.01，P.05)、脑指数(P.01，P.05)、脑毛细血管通透性(P.01，P.05)；光镜下脑组织形态学显示各剂量组可不同程度的减轻急性不完全性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织的神经元受损形态；与缺血再灌注组比较，XSOL大、小剂量组可以显著降低缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织中的MDA的含量(P.01，P.05)，升高SOD、GSH-Px在脑组织中的活性(P.01，P.05)；XSOL大、小剂量组可显著降低脑组织中NO的含量(P.01，P.05)，降低脑组织中Glu、Asp含量(P.01，P.05)。

Of CBMC can be purified by Mini-MACS as CD34〓 stem cells. B. The number of CD34〓 stem cells can expand to 40.24±9. 86 fold after 14 days. C. No matter in the expression of CD1a, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR, or in the function of stimulating xenogenous lymphocyte proliferation, there was no difference between CD34+ stem cell DCs or monocyte DCs. D. The percentage of CD3〓CD56〓 cells is the same in CIK cells co-culture with DCs transfected with SKOV3 RNA, CIK cells co-culture with DCs, and CIK cells. E. The expansion rate of CIK cells can be accelerated by co-culturing with loaded or unloaded DCs. However, the expansion rate between loaded or unloaded group is the same. F. The strongest cytotoxicity against SKOV3 cell line was achieved by CIK cells co-cultured with DCs loaded with SKOV3 RNA.

结果：1、Mini-MACS分选系统可自CBMC中提取0.78±0.31%的CD34〓细胞；2、体外培养14天后可获得原始CD34〓细胞量40.24±9.86倍的细胞；3、不论在CD1a、CD80、CD86及HLA-DR的表达上，或是刺激异体淋巴细胞增生的功能上，脐带血CD34〓细胞与单核细胞来源的DC都没有差别；4、CIK细胞中CD3〓CD56〓双阳性的表达率在与RNA转染DC共培养的CIK细胞组、与DC共培养的CIK细胞组及单纯CIK细胞组3组间比较无差异；5、脐带血CIK细胞增殖显著，培养14天时可扩增18.18±5.59倍，培养21天时可扩增35.02±6.30倍；5、与未转染或转染DC共培养的CIK细胞在培养第14天后增殖速率大于单纯CIK细胞。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失