不连续群

From [1], Every transition function is a positive strongly continuous semigroup of contractions on l\, but it isnt a strongly continuous semigroup on l_∞- In fact, the sufficient and necessary condition for a transition function to be a strongly continuous semigroup on l_∞ is that the q—matrix Q is an uniformly bounded q—matrix on l_∞- This is the trivial case.

由Anderson[1]知道转移函数P是l_1空间上正的强连续压缩半群，但P一般来说不是l_∞空间上的强连续半群，而P是l_∞上强连续半群的充要条件是q—矩阵Q是l_∞。

Chapter 1 gives the background,current research process of relatedproblems and summarizes this thesis\'s work.In chapter 2,we study the Brownian motion with holding and jumping on the boundary.We use the resolvent method to obtain the infinitesimal generator because the domain of the infinitesimal generator is essentially the same as the range of the resolvent.Knowledge of this range and of the differential operator determines uniquely the infinitesimal generator.Since the semigroup generated by the DHJ is not strongly continuous,to use the nice property of strongly continuous semigroup in analytic theory,in chapter 3 we show that the dual is strongly continuous and derive ergodicity through spectral radius formulas and finally obtain the ergodic theorem by duality. In chapter 4,we discuss a class of a more general process---one dimensional Feller diffusion proposed by W.Feller in 1954.The Feller diffusion allows the possibility of jumps from boundary to boundary,not only from boundary to the interior.We give the stationary distribution of this process.

具体地，本文的结构如下：第一章给出了问题产生的背景，研究现状及本文的主要工作；第二章研究了在边界上逗留后随机跳的布朗运动，我(来源：3dABC论文网www.abclunwen.com)们用预解算子的方法得到其无穷小生成元，因为无穷小生成元的定义域本质上就是预解算子的值域，知道这个值域和微分算子形式就能唯一地决定无穷小生成元；由于DHJ过程产生的半群不是强连续的，为利用强连续半群的一些漂亮性质，在第三章中我们证明其对偶半群是强连续的，然后由谱半径公式得到遍历性并且最后由对偶得到遍历定理；第四章讨论了Feller在1954年引入的更广的一类过程----一维Feller扩散过程，Feller扩散过程允许有从边界到边界的跳发生，即不仅仅局限于从边界到内部的跳，在这一章中，我们给出了一维Feller扩散过程的平稳分布；在第五章，我们讨论了一些相关的问题，给出了DHJ过程对应的PDE问题及特征值与收敛速度的关系。

Particle swarm optimization algorithm has been developed recently, which is suitable for solving continuous problem, but its lack of ergodicity impairs the algorithm global search property.

新近发展的粒子群优化算法，基于群智能机理，适于求解连续问题，但它不具备遍历特性，影响了全局搜索能力。

Lastly,Using the extension theory of〓-algebras founded and developed by Brown-Douglas-Fillmore in 70s,inparticular,using the homotopy invariance of the extensions and the indexformule of Toeplitz operator matrices,the paper characterized the automorphismgroup of the continuous function symbol Toeplitz 〓-algebra in terms of thetopological degrees of the continuous mappings on the n-dimensional sphere.

最后，本文利用Brown-Douglas-Fillmore在七十年代建立并发展起来的C*-代数扩张理论，尤其是扩张的同伦不变性，以及Toeplitz算子矩阵的指标公式，通过球面上连续映射的拓扑度，刻划了高维球面Hardy空间上连续符号Toeplitz 〓代数的自同构群。

The whole process is discontinous and can be thought of as finding the grid points on a specified region of the X-Y plane (Think of marking all integer interception points on a paper). Convert each grid point's X and Y coordinate to exponential values (like 2^x, 2^y) then we can use them as value of cost and gamme for cross validation.

这个过程是不连续的成长，所以可以想成我们在一个 X-Y 平面上指定的范围内找一群格子点(grid，如果你不太明白，想成方格纸或我们把平面上所有整数交点都打个点，就是那样)，每个格子点的 X 跟 Y 经过换算(如 2^x， 2^y)就拿去当 cost 跟 gamma 的值来 cross validation。

The whole process is discontinous and can be imagined as finding grid points on a specified region of X-Y plane (Think of marking all interger interception points on a paper). Convert each grid point's X and Y coordinate to expontntial values (like 2^x, 2^y) then we can use them as value of cost and gamme for cross validation.

这个过程是不连续的成长，所以可以想成我们在一个 X-Y 平面上指定的范围内找一群格子点(grid，如果你不太明白，想成方格纸或我们把平面上所有整数交点都打个点，就是那样)，每个格子点的 X 跟 Y 经过换算(如 2^x， 2^y)就拿去当 cost 跟 gamma 的值来 cross validation。

There is no significouldt variation between the function of Method 1 and 3 in the indexes of digestive and absorptive function,except the effect on body weight and food intake;as well,model 2 shows no significouldt influence on the indexes besides body weight lose.1.4 ConclusionsContrast the three modeling methods,model 3 is the most obvious and steady method for the establishment of deficiency of spleen YANG.2 comparison on the efficacy of Lizhong Pills influenced by dried ginger and its different components on digestive and absorptive functions and energy metabolism2.1 ObjectivesThis research was designed to observed the different influences of Lizhong Pills formula on the models,which contains dried ginger or its main group of components(volatile oil and water solubles).It would be explored from two levels of material base,single herb dried ginger or its different components,to confirm that the whole effects of Lizhong Pills do mainly depend on its main herb dried ginger in the formula just as the traditional acknowledgement in TCM.Further more,the connotative meaning of dried ginger used as the main herb in Lizhong Pills egthe aspect of pharmacology and chemistry would be preliminary revealed.2.2 MethodsEach group of model rats of deficiency of spleen-YANG were to be duplicated by method 3 for 14 days,and be treated by corresponding drug samples for 8 days.

造模方法1对消化吸收相关药理指标的改变与造模方法3的影响相似，但对模型动物的体重和食量的影响不明显；造模方法2除能使模型动物的体重减轻外，对其他各指标均无显著影响。1.4结论对比实验采用的三种石膏-知母的给药方法，方法3的造模效果最为显著和稳定，即以每日灌胃给药，连续12天，恢复9天，是本实验证实的最有效的脾阳虚证候模型制备方法。2干姜及其不同有效部位对理中丸消化吸收功能及代谢的影响2.1目的通过对理中丸中君药干姜，以及干姜中挥发性成分和水溶性成分对理中丸主要功效影响的研究，从药味和化学成分群两个层次，证实君药干姜及干姜中的主要活性成分群对理中丸整体功效的决定性影响，以初步揭示理中丸中君药核心地位的药理学和化学内涵。2.2方法采用石膏-知母复合造模法制备大鼠脾阳虚证候模型，造模期为14天1；治疗期间各给药组分别给予治疗药物，连续给药8天。

We know that the c_0 spaces and l_1 spaces are not reflexive spaces, whether the ajoint semigroups on them are strongly continuous semigroups?

序列空间c_0空间、l_1空间都不是自反空间，那么定义在其上的强连续半群的对偶半群是否为强连续半群呢？

Longshan complex is located at the junction of Qinling and Qilian Orogen, and mainly distributed in Longshan Mountain, the west of Longxian County, which is separated from the Huluhe complex by the Baoping-Shanmen Fault to south, and connected with the Liupanshan Basin by the sub-fault to north. The upper magma is so extensive in this area that only Longshan complex is left as lentoid.

陇山杂岩地处秦岭—祁连造山带的结合部位，主体分布于陇县以西陇山山脉内，南以保平—山门韧性断裂带与葫芦河群相隔，向北与六盘山白垩纪沉积盆地以基底断层形式相接触，被后期火山岩体吞没，呈不连续透镜体状展布。

Values, the chemical composition of biotite of them and their petrochemical composition on the corresponding dia grams are all distributed transitionally between the "typi cal areas"; 2 that the micro-elements indicating genesis and the REE distribution parttens display the transitional change from the mines in North to those in South in this region; 3 that their K-Ar age of biotite is distinctively inconsistent with their Rb-Sr age of total rocks; and 4 that there occur several rock body groups with various genetic features which are formed at the corresponding time in the same Pb-Zn ore fields.

具体表现在全岩锶同位素初始比值、黑云母化学成分，岩石化学成分在相应图解上不集中而呈&过渡态&分布；微量元素成因特征及稀土分配型式在本区空间上呈&过渡态&展布；岩浆分异演化过程中各种地球化学演化参数不连续变化；全岩Rb-Sr同位素年龄与黑云母K-Ar年龄值严重不合；同一矿区，普遍发育不同岩性组合的岩体群等等。因此，地洼型多因复成成岩成矿作用在湘南铅锌矿床形成过程中是一个带有普遍性的区域成矿规律。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。