不连续层

In order to deeply analyze the distribution of maximum tensile strain during asphalt surface for Semi-rigid base asphalt pavement and compound base asphalt pavement , two types of typical structure were chosen, taking the Shell designing software BISAR 3.0 as calculation tool, considering two kinds interface contact condition of complete continuousness and not incomplete continuousness, then a comprehensive analysis was made on the maximum tensile strain of every structure on the basis different interface contact condition.

摘 要：为深入分析半刚性基层沥青路面和复合式基层沥青路面面层内的最大拉应变的规律，选取两类沥青路面的典型结构，采用壳牌设计软件 BISAR 3.0为计算工具，考虑层间完全连续状态以及不完全连续两种状态，对各结构在不同的层间结合条件下沥青层最大拉应变进行了比较和分析。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

The retortion influence of base isolating building and base fixed building under horizontal earthquake effect is discussed, and the difference between them under the same condition is compared.

本文介绍了减震结构的动力特性，并计算了结构在地震作用下各层的位移、速度、加速度和剪力等地震反应；分析了结构在同时受到两个水平方向地震作用时结构的地震反应，从与抗震结构的对比中可见其优越性；选用了不同场地上的地震波模拟了各类场地上的地震作用，分析比较了不同的场地对建筑物减震效果的差异；分析了橡胶垫水平刚度的变化对动力分析结果所造成的影响，提出了在橡胶垫恢复力曲线中，按线性模型进行简化计算的条件；讨论了隔震垫的设置位置，比较了隔震垫设置在首层柱的底部和设置在其它位置的区别；分析了减震结构在连续经历多次地震时（即在地震后、较大余震作用下）是否仍然能够减震的问题；并对水平地震作用下，减震结构和抗震结构的受扭情况进行了讨论，比较了同等条件下两种结构的区别。

Finally, the MLCC (Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitor) chips after different duration of reoxidation process were utilized to analyze dielectric performance and oxidation of Ni inner electrodes. The results showed that the formation of NiO would result in the discontinuity of Ni electrode and further degrade the capacitance and IR of the chips.

最后，本研究将制作完成的多层电容元件，经过不同补氧时程的处理，结果显示镍电极的氧化，会造成电极的不连续情况，以及降低电容和绝缘电阻值。

It is an uncontinuous plane between the grey gneisses and Jingangku formation complex undergone later many strong deformations, especially the near-horizontal ductile shearing.

在恒山和五台山区大体上金岗库岩组的不同岩性或层位与灰色片麻岩相接触，受到后期多次强烈的构造改造，特别是近水平的韧性剪切使二者之间呈一不连续面，年轻的表壳岩覆盖在老片麻岩系之上，属剥离断层性质，应为低角度的大型正断层。

In recent year, most researches developed the window layer of higher energy band gap and conductive micro-Silicon to improve the efficiency of thin film. But discontinues energy gaps of different layer will increase the influence of interface trap and decrease the efficiency of solar cell.

近几年来，许多研究发展高能隙的透光层与导电微晶矽薄膜来改善膜薄太阳能电池的转换效率，但是不同薄膜的不连续能隙会增加介面缺陷的影响而降低太阳能电池的效率。

In malignant room skin tumour early phase can see something without the aid of instruments in regular or opaque dirty tier or wall have a lot of white or the gray pellet and form festival or the lamina on tier of pleurae Piece with the development of tumour change thickly long and change thickly long full pleura surface tubercle the tumour tubercle stretches room skin to all sides postpone continuing becoming movie cyst lungs uses the person The cellar is getting smaller as shrinking more and makes to be put into much trouble inclining a chest wall subside.

在恶性间皮瘤早期，肉眼可见在正常或不透明的脏层或壁层胸膜上有众多白色或灰色颗粒和结节或薄板块，随着肿瘤的发展，胸膜表面愈来愈变厚，长满结节，间皮瘤结节向四方伸延，连续成片，包囊肺脏使其窖越缩。。。在恶性间皮瘤早期，肉眼可见在正常或不透明的脏层或壁层胸膜上有众多白色或灰色颗粒和结节或薄板块，随着肿瘤的发展，胸膜表面愈来愈变厚，长满结节，间皮瘤结节向四方伸延，连续成片，包囊肺脏使其窖越缩越小

The results show that:(1) The penetration resistance of functionally graded layered armour made of metal Matrix Composites is better than that of the Aluminum plate;(2) The penetration resistance of the functionally graded layered armour whichlay_up is 0%/57%/0%/26%/0%/12%/0% is the best;(3) The resistance penetration of the the functionally graded layered armour can be greately promoted through optimizing the lay_up and volume fraction of the reinforced particle;(4) The functionally graded armour in which the particles distribute continuous has better behavior of resistance penetration when the volume fraction of the reinforcements are constant;(5) The higher volume fraction of the reinforcements at the surface of FGM and the more non-homogeneous the reinforcements distribution, the higher thesurface Youngs Modulus and the flow stress are;(6) The behavior of penetration resistance of the functionally graded armour in which the particles distribute continuously is better than that of homogeneous steel plate;(7) The functionally graded armour provedes a important approach for the optimization and design of the resistance penetration;(8) The numerical results of simulation of the bird striking the aircraft structureshow that the finite element model of the balance leg is effective;(9) The numerical results show that the structure internal force is relative largewhen the bird strikes the top of the balance leg;(10) The process of the birdstrike is thaf.after the bird penetrting through the front skin of the balance leg and striking the front beam,the bird is broken up in three parts.

经过本文所进行的数值模拟后我们发现：(1)在层状梯度装甲板的抗侵彻过程中层状功能梯度板比铝板的抗侵彻性能好；(2)在层状梯度装甲板的抗侵彻过程中铺层顺序为0%/57%/0%/26%/0%/12%/0%的功能梯度装甲板的抗侵彻性能最好；(3)通过优化组合层状梯度板的铺层顺序以及增强颗粒的含量可以大大改善梯度板的抗侵彻性能；(4)当SiC颗粒体积含量一定时，增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度板表现出了优越的抗侵彻性能；(5)增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度板表面SiC颗粒体积含量越高，分布越不均匀，表面的弹性模量就越高，屈服应力就越高；畜此工业大学硕士研究生学位论丈(6)增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度装甲板比匀质钢板表现出良好的抗侵彻性能；(7)功能梯度装甲板为整个抗侵彻性的优化设计提供了重要的途径。

Fourthly, the concentration processes for liquid membrane separation are studied. The feed tank levels are difficult to be tracked efficiently in the random-rinsing and continuous-discharging nanofiltration process.The tracking control of feed tank levels is improved by the selective control and the transparent predictive functional control.

针对液体膜分离浓缩过程采用纳滤随机清洗连续排料操作方式时原料罐液位的不能有效跟踪控制问题，提出了原料罐液位的选择性控制及以预测函数控制PFC为监督层、常规PID为控制层的透明控制结构，实现了以常规PID为基础控制、PFC为设定值给定的原料罐液位的跟踪控制。

Using maximum flooding surface and local explosure erosion surface as the correlation framework surface in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles, sand-body in the 3-th hierarchical base-level cycles formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles may be correlated layer by layer. The law of the sand-body and the characters of reservoir heterogeneity formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles are discussed. The study shows:①During early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subaqueous distributary channel formed, continuously stacked vertically, and migrated in limit range laterally, and channel sand-body stretches farther longitudinally, and lacks interbeds of mud rock and siltsand in sand rock, reservoir heterogeneity is relatively weak.②During mid-period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subsaqueous distributary channel migrated actively, channel divided and converged strongly to form netted sand-body and sand sheet mainly, but interbeds of mud rock and siltsand increases gradually in sand-body, reservoir heterogeneity increased.③During later period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level rising and early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level falling, reservoir sand-body was poor, and only form thin sand-body of subsaqueous distributary channel, subsaqeuous creveas and distal mouth bar, sand-bodys are surrounded by mud and silt rock.

进一步采用以第4层次基准面旋回中相当最大湖泛面的相转换面和具有区域性暴露侵蚀作用的层序边界面为等时地层对比框架的边界，对发育于MSC2—MSC4三个第4层次基准面旋回的第3层次基准面旋回内砂体进行了逐层等时对比，探讨第4层次等时地层对比格架内储集砂体发育分布规律，及储集砂体的非均质性特点，研究发现：①第4层次基准面上升初期发育的水下分流河道，砂体呈连续叠置、侧向迁移受限，纵向上呈长距离延伸的带状产出，砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层少，储层非均质性相对较弱；②在第4层次基准面上升中期发育的水下分流河道侧向迁移活跃，纵向延伸过程中分流汇合作用强烈，以形成网状或席状连片砂体为主，但砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层逐渐增多，储层非均质性增强；③第4层次基准面上升晚期和下降早期，不利于储集砂体发育，仅出现少量薄的水下分流河道、水下决口扇、远—河口砂坝砂体。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。