不连续变量

In this paper,the method of feedback pulse of system variable was applied to control the discrete map and continuous nonlinear system for transforming a stable periodic motion into an unstable chaotic motion.

用系统变量的脉冲反馈法控制离散和连续非线性系统，使系统由稳定的周期运动转变为不稳定的混沌运动。

The quantity n is an integer, not a continuous variable

量n是个整数，而不是一个连续的变量。

The combinatorial and delimitative algorithm of engineering structure design with different discrete set and its software system is introduced in this paper.

引 言 离散变量优化设计是指在优化设计过程中，设计变量的取值不是在某一范围内连续变化而是只能取某些符合一定条件的离散值。

This approach is based on time-varying Fourier coefficient series of the system variables.

该方法通过忽略系统状态变量所对应的傅里叶级数中那些不重要的项而对原系统进行简化，并且可以有效地将系统中的连续事件和离散开关事件结合起来。

Unlike other solution methods, integer variables are easier to accommodate in GA than continuous variables.

不同于其他解答方法，整型变量比连续的可变物是容易容纳在GA。

The fact that the integral variable of the inverse transform appears in the denominator of integrand reduces resolution of the numeral integral and blocks the application of them.

为此构造了一种新型的连续小波变换，不论对积分变量如何剖分，任何一种数值积分方法都具有高分辨特性，且积分变量不出现在被积函数的分母上，进而给出了相应的数值解法。

The nonlinearity and discrete gradient inherited in CAViaR model is a conundrum for parameter estimation. We take the asymmetric Laplace distribution with scale parameter as the error process; indicate the variance has a minimum positive value when the scale parameter is a constant, conflicting with the distribution of real financial data. Further we estimate the parameters of indirect TARCH-CAViaR model base on Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The optimal scale parameter can also be obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo method.

CAViaR一般模型中递归分位回归方程的非线性和非连续可微性是参数估计的一个难题，基于含有尺度参数的不对称拉普拉斯分布作为误差过程，指出将尺度参数固定为常数会导致不对称拉普拉斯分布随机变量的方差存在最小正值的限制，与实际金融数据分布不符；进而提出采用贝叶斯分析和马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗模拟方法，估计间接TARCH-CAViaR模型的参数，并可获得尺度参数的合理估计。

By using the transfer matrix method of multibody system, the hard problem of computation of the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS coupled with rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved which is very difficult to the ordinary dynamic methods, and the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS which is varied when the number of rockets in the launch device is varied, is obtained conveniently. By developing augmented eigenvectors of the LRMLRS and its orthogonality conditions, the nonorthogonality problem of the multibody system including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved and the exact analysis of the dynamics response of the LRMLRS including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is realized. By using the random integer programming method, the hard optimization problem which contains continuous variables, discrete variables and random variables at the same time is solved. This method provides a technology for optimum design with random variables and discrete variables. The dynamic optimum design is realized to decrease the number of rockets consumption in the LRMLRS test. The simulation system of dispersion of fire is established by using the maximum entropy method to estimate dispersion of fire.

通过应用多体系统传递矩阵法，解决了刚弹耦合远程多管火箭多体系统振动特性这一通常力学方法不便于解决的计算难题，方便地获得了远程多管火箭振动特性及其随发射架上火箭弹个数变化而变化的情况；通过构造增广特征矢量及其正交性条件，解决了刚弹耦合多体系统特征矢量不具有通常意义下的正交性的难题，实现了对刚弹耦合远程多管火箭动力响应的精确分析；应用随机整数规划法，解决了同时考虑连续、离散和随机变量等多种设计变量的优化设计难题，为含随机和离散变量的优化设计提供了手段，实现了减少远程多管火箭试验用弹量的动态优化设计；建立了应用最大熵法估计的密集度仿真系统，优化射序和射击间隔，实现了提高远程多管火箭射击密集度的动态优化。

Being aimed at cleaner production,this paper studied the modelling and optimization of a continuous pulping process .

该文以此为目标，针对制浆生产中的连续蒸煮过程，首先建立了包含污染控制变量的模型，然后对操作参数进行优化，使得在生产过程中保证质量不变的前提下产生的污染量最小。

After the phase inversion point,the dynamic rheological parameters increase greatly with adding water.

实验结果表明，体系在相反转点前表现为牛顿流体行为，粘度几乎不变﹔相反转点时，体系粘度增加幅度很小，体系的有关动态流变参数(剪切储能模量、损耗模量和复数粘度)均出现极小值，将此归于局部连续水相的润滑作用﹔进一步加水，体系的动态流变量增加，意味著相反转在相反转点后仍在继续进行。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。