不辐射

PbWO4 and CeF3 which are newly developed inorganic scinti1latr in our country have been studied. Photo-electricity detector systemes which have high γ sensitivity and relative insensitive to neutron and fast time response were assembled by using CeF3 and photomultiplier tube. The ratio of signal-to-noise for γ ray detection can be up to more than 10 times in close distance n,γ commix pulse radiation field by using this detector system.

对PbWO4和CeF3等近年国内新研制的无机闪烁体进行了系列研究，使用CeF3分别配光电倍增管和光电管，组合出了对γ辐射灵敏度高，对中子相对不灵敏，同时脉冲响应也快的光电探测系统，应用以此为基础的探测技术在近距离n，γ混合脉冲辐射场中，可将脉冲γ辐射探测信噪比提高一个量级以上。

Even people on Earth are exposed to cosmic radiation, but the amount is negligible.

大型太阳风暴产生时，不在地球大气保护中的太空人就会暴露在致命剂量的辐射下，搭乘商用客机飞行在高纬区的人们也会暴露在较高的辐射中，即使是在地球上的人们也是暴露在宇宙辐射中，只不过这些辐射量已经是微不足道的。

At present, the wireless devices in general to bring the whole antenna, omni-directional radio antenna to the antenna axis, was "donut"-shaped radiation field; directional antenna is highly directional, in the small angle of radiation is totally outside the scope of signals ; the use of removable external antenna equipment can gain antenna, the antenna can not increase in the case of radiated power to increase communication distance.

目前的无线设备一般自带全向天线，全向天线电波以天线为轴，呈"面包圈"状向外辐射；定向天线具有极强的方向性，在小角度的辐射范围外是完全没有信号的；使用可拆卸天线的设备可以外接增益天线，可以在不增加天线辐射功率的情况下增加通讯距离。

The numerical method of the diffusive-gray enclosure radiation heat transfer in complex geometry was studied, and its application was introduced into these two processes to improve the quality of handsaw and single crystal.

复杂结构的辐射换热计算所遇到的主要问题是：结构复杂导致计算量巨大；辐射角系数的计算因遮挡或数值计算误差而难以满足对称性和完整性，从而导致辐射换热计算不准确。

The modified expression of the broad emission-line profiles ire derived for the outflow kinematics model of the BLR driven by the radiation pressure. Taking into account the difference between the two lines HeI λ5876 and Hβ, it is shown the fact that the observed line width of HeIλ 5876 is broader than that of Hβ cannot be explained by the popular outflow BLR model evoked by W. G. Mathews. For comparison, line profiles of the gravitational infall model and orbital disk model are also calculated; the later is in good agreement with the observations Thereupon, conclusion is reached that the gravitational infall is an important process in the real BLR gas motion.

1推导了辐射压加速宽线云团径向外流，以及引力下落和转动等BLR运动学模型的谱线轮廓表达式，并考虑到光致电离计算表明的云团本身对Hβ和HeIλ5876谱线的辐射差异，用数值方法计算了它们的谱线轮廓，发现普遍流行的辐射加速气体外流模型不能解释HeIλ5876线宽大于Hβ线宽的观测事实，而引力下落模型则可以较好地解释观测，因此我们倾向于认为、径向内流运动很可能是BLR内的发射线云团真实运动的一个重要成分。

The equation of heat transter on radiant type heat exchanger with fin s is established in the condition that thought of radiation heat transfer among fin s, base and out wall.

在考虑肋片与内外管壁的辐射换热情况下，建立了带肋片辐射换热器的传热方程，举例说明了计算方法，并与不考虑肋片与内外管壁的辐射换热的结果进行了比较。

The results show that the radiative properties of randomly distributed soot aggregates for a given fractal dimension are complex functions of the monomer diameters, the number of monomers in the aggregates,and the refractive index; For a small value of the monomer diameters, the absorption cross section of soot aggregates tends to be relatively constant when the fractal dimension is small but increases rapidly when the fractal dimension exceeds two. However, a monotonical reduction in light absorption with the increase of the fractal dimension is observed for soot aggregates with sufficiently large monomer diameters, number of monomers,and refractive index. The scattering cross section , extinction cross section and single-scattering albedo increase monotonically with the increase of the fractal dimension. Overall, the results for soot aggregates differ profoundly from those calculated for the equivalent spherical particles, and the discrepancies between them will change small with the increase of the fractal dimension.

研究表明，在给定分形维数的情况下，烟尘団簇粒子的辐射特性取决于原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率；原始微粒较小的団簇粒子，当分形维数较小时，吸收截面变化不明显，但当分形维数大于二时，吸收截面骤然增大，然而，对于具有比较大的原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率的烟尘団簇粒子，吸收截面随着分形维数的增大而单调递减；随着分形维数的增大，団簇粒子的散射截面、消光截面及单次散射反照率均单调递增；从整体上来讲，団簇粒子的辐射特性与等效球形粒子的辐射特性存在着比较大的差别，并且这种差别随着分形维数的增大而减小。

The transition radiation faculae on the rear side of a 20m thick target Ta was a smooth round structure with the center brighter than the periphery, indicating incoherent transition radiation and coherent transition radiation, which is close to the results of the theoretical simulations. For a 100m thick target Ta, the faculae was a star-structure and became smaller, which resembles a star-structure of the energetic proton emission. For a 10μm Ta+10m Cu+5m Ta composite target, the faculae was a ring structure and became bigger and non-uniform, looked like two apart faculae.

在厚度为20μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现较平滑的圆形结构，而且中心亮度高于周围，这包含了非相干与相干渡越辐射的成分，与理论模拟结果接近；在厚度为100μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现出星状结构，光斑较小，与高能质子发射出现的星状结构极其相似；在复合靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑虽然也呈现大致的圆形结构，但光斑较大，而且极不均匀，中间有很明显的光斑分裂。

In view of the development about the certain airborne radar antenna array,considering the structural features of antenna array,analyse the cruces in manufacturing of feed cavity and radiant plate,and present the corresponding solution by mainly dealing with precise positioning style,delicate clamp design,error distribution and compensation method,high speed machining technology design,machining simulation and program optimizing.

某机载雷达平面裂缝阵列天线的单面阵如图1所示。该面阵布置多路裂缝线源，共分布384处长度各不相同的辐射裂缝，每一路线源均由脊型波导口单独馈电。面阵由辐射板和馈电腔两个零件组成，采用整体钎焊成形。线源结构为非对称单脊共线形式，即在普通单脊波导的两侧与辐射裂缝相对应的位置上布置不对称的凹台。

A process for making an electronic device which comprises applying a nonaqueous plate-resistant ink by ink jet printing to selected areas of a dielectric substrate, optionally laminated with an electrically conductive metal, exposing the plate resistant ink to actinic and/or particle beam radiation to effect polymerisation, adding one or more metal layers by electrolytic or electroless deposition, the upper layer of which is an etchresistant metal, removing the polymerised plate-resistant ink with alkali and finally removing the electrically conductive metal which are optionally directly laminated to the dielectric substrate and not protected by an upper layer of etch-resistant metal by chemical etching wherein the plate-resistant ink is substantially solvent-free and comprises: A 30 to 90 parts acrylate functional monomers free from acid groups comprising mono- or higher functionality wherein 5 to 95% by weight are mono-functional monomers; B 1 to 30 parts acrylate functional monomer containing one or more acid groups; C 0 to 20 parts polymer or prepolymer; D 0 to 20 parts radical initiator; E 0 to 5 parts colorant; F 0 to 5 parts surfactant; and where the ink has a viscosity of not greater than 30 cPs at 40 DEG C and all parts are by weight.

一种制备电子装置的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：通过喷墨印刷在任选层压了一种或多种导电金属的介电底材的选定区域涂覆非水的阻沉积油墨，将所述阻沉积油墨暴露在光化辐射和/或微粒束辐射中以完成聚合，通过电解沉积或无电沉积增加一层或多层金属层，其中最上层的金属层为一种或多种阻蚀刻金属，用碱除去聚合的阻沉积油墨，最后通过化学蚀刻将任选直接层压在所述介电底材上并且不被一种或多种阻蚀刻金属的上层保护的导电金属除去，其中所述阻沉积油墨基本不含溶剂，并且包含以下组分：A30-90份不含酸基团的丙烯酸酯功能性单体，所述单体包括单官能或多官能单体，其中5-95％重量为单官能单体；B1-30份包含一个或多个酸基团的丙烯酸酯功能性单体；C0-20份聚合物或预聚物；D0-20份自由基引发剂；E0-5份着色剂；和F0-5份表面活性剂；其中所述油墨的粘度在40℃下不高于30cPs，并且所有的份数以重量计。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。