不育

The ecological mechanism of fertility transition for a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line,Qiong-68 ms,was evaluated by means of sowing by stages,investigating leafage and detecting the fertility of pollen.

采用分期播种、叶龄调查以及花粉镜检等方法，对玉米温敏核雄性不育系琼68 ms 育性转换的生态机制进行了研究，发现琼68 ms的育性变化主要受温度影响，日最高温度是其育性转换的主要因素，表现为高温不育，低温可育，育性转换的温度范围为30~33℃，雄穗发育的小穗分化期是对温度敏感的关键时期。

But they were partial sterile, had 1～4 pollen sacs in each anther and had relative bigger petals and stamens at lower temperature situation. The RGCMS plants were complete sterile at the both temperature situations, and there was no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller peta...

表现核质不育的植株，在高温条件下，花瓣小，表现彻底的polCMS不育，无花粉囊的分化；在低温条件下，花瓣变大，也表现彻底雄性不育，具有核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出 1～ 4个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与S45A和 117A相同。

The DGCMS plants were complete sterile at the both temperature situations, and there was no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller petals and stamens at the higher temperature situation, but there were 1～4 pollen sacs in each anther and had bigger petals and stamens at the lower temperature situation. The cytological characteristics of the anther development were the same as that of GMS plants in Yi-3AB.

表现质核不育的植株，在高温条件下，花瓣小，表现彻底的pol CMS不育，无花粉囊的分化，在低温条件下，花瓣变大，也表现彻底雄性不育，具有核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出1～4个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与宜3A相同。

They were partial sterile, had 1～3 pollen sacs in each anther and had relative bigger petals and stamens at lower temperature situation. The DGCMS plants were complete sterile at the both temperature situations, and there was no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller petals and stamens ...

表现质核不育的植株，在高温条件下，花瓣小，表现彻底的 pol CMS不育，无花粉囊的分化；在低温条件下，花瓣变大，也表现彻底雄性不育，具有核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出 1～ 4个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与宜 3A相同

The RGCMSplants in RGCMS-117A or S45A were complete male sterile at the bothtemperature conditions,and there was no pollen sac differentiation at thehigher temperature condition and there were 1-3 pollen sacs in each anther atthe lower temperature condition,but the anther development was inhibited atthe stage of microspore.

表现核质不育的植株，在高温条件下表现彻底波里马细胞质雄性不育，无花粉囊分化；在低温条件下，也表现彻底雄性不育，具核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出1-3个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与S45A和117A相同。

The observation showed that sterile plants and fertile plants in the pollen mother cell stage is not very different, when microspore mother cells of male sterile plants enter meiosis period, it could form normal tetrad cell , tetrad cell is normal in early development stage, In the uninucleate microspore stage , tapetal cells were vacuolization, the microspores were extruded to the middle by tapetal cells.

本研究利用石蜡切片法，结合光学显微镜技术对樱桃萝卜核质互作雄性不育系的不育株和对应保持系可育株的花药发育过程进行细胞形态学观察，观察结果表明：不育株与可育株在花粉母细胞时期差别不大，不育株的花药小孢子母细胞进入减数分裂期后，可以正常的形成四分体，四分体前期发育正常，而在单核小孢子期绒毡层细胞出现液泡化，绒毡层细胞向中间挤压小孢子。

The results showed that about610 protein spots could be visualized on the two dimensional electrophoresis map bycoomassie brilliant blue staining within Mr 9.0～100.0kD and pH 4～7,and about 94 spotswere differential expressed between male-sterile line and its maintainer line by PDQuestsoftware.Among those differential proteins,about 49 spots and 40 spots were differentialexpressed between uninucleate anther stage and binucleate stage respectively;Meanwhilecomparing with the 2-DE maps of the total proteins from the binucleate anther stage anduninucleate stage,15 differential spots were detectable at male-sterile line;and 16 differentialspots were detectable at its maintainer line.

在分子量9.0～100.0 kD、等电点4～7线性范围内，可识别约610个蛋白质点，PDQuest软件分析结果表明：在单核期不育系和保持系之间存在40个差异蛋白质点，二核期两者共有49个差异点；不育系在单核期和二核期两者之间存在有15个差异点，保持系在两个不同时期有16个差异点；不育系与保持系间在表达量上的差异蛋白质点以及不育系与保持系间特异表达或特异缺失的蛋白质点很可能与小麦雄性不育有关。3。

Through morphological analysis between male sterile plant and male fertile plant in the alabastrum period as well as in flowering period, one morphological mark was found that the alabastrum of male sterile plant was in cone shape; the alabastrum of male fertile plant was cylindraceous. The male sterile alabastrum and male fertile alabastrum were significantly different. The petal of male sterile is filiform but not lingulate and tubular , the normal one was just the opposite.

通过在蕾期和盛花期对不育系和可育系的形态性状进行分析，找到了一个与育性相关的形态标记，即不育系的花蕾呈圆锥状，而可育系花蕾呈圆柱状，二者形态差异极显著；花开放后，不育系的花瓣丝状化，没有舌状花和管状花之分，而正常可育系花序外围是舌状花，内部是管状花。

These male sterile transgenic plants with TA29 Barnase gene have the same horticultural characters which can be also inherited steadily by plants in next generation as non transgenic ones. But their flowers bear fully catagenetic stamen lacking pollens, normal fragrant nectaries and strong pistils able to receive pollens from other plants or different cultivars and set seeds. At the meantime, the sterility i...

带有TA 2 9 Barnase基因的雄性不育植株的园艺学性状与未转化植株相同，并且其性状在后代中稳定不变；不育植株的花朵表现雄蕊完全退化，但蜜腺和雌蕊健全，能接受外来花粉，杂交结实率较高；同时，雄性不育植株的不育性在后代中出现分离，不育株率占 12 。5%～ 85.7%；此外，不育性状具有镶嵌性

ERIC, a pair of rep-PCR primers, can amplify NSa-specific band. Using the amplification band patterns of two pairs of primers, which are REP and ERIC, six types of male sterile cytoplasm can be distinguished. 2. A cDNA library for CMS-associated genes was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridzation with the sterile line and its isonuclear maintainer.

利用特异引物扩增的结果表明NSa不育胞质与Pol、Ogu不育胞质不同，一对rep-PCR引物ERIC能扩增到NSa的特异带，而且REP和ERIC两对引物相结合能将NSa不育胞质与油菜原有的不育细胞质区分开，从分子水平上证明了NSa不育胞质的新颖性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。