不育

Its contents are as follow: A description for the characteristics of Agropyron elongatum and its genome; the methods used to overcome the cross-sterility and hybrid sterility; the cross breeding procedure and the genetic analysis for it; the selected hybrids which are the Triticum-Agropyron octoploid species, the alien addition lines, the alien substitution lin...

内容介绍了长穗偃麦草的特性和染色体组型，克服杂交不育和杂种不育的方法，杂交育种的程序及其遗传分析和选出的小偃麦八倍体种、异附加系、异代换系与丰产抗病的小偃麦新品种。

In order to understand the effect of Ogura sterile cytoplasm on interspecific crossability between Brassica napus and Raphanus sativus, three radish cytoplasmic male sterilie lines of B. napus and their corresponding maintenance lines were used as female parents to hybridize with R.

用三个甘蓝型油菜萝卜细胞质雄性不育系及其相应的保持系作母本与萝卜杂交，以了解Ogura不育胞质对甘蓝型油菜与萝卜种间可交配性的影响。

Using male sterile make crossbreed is the best way of hybrid seed production,and have achieved some success,but in seed yield and production of three-line there are still many problems and shortcomings,in particular, In China,the male sterile technology is still in the preliminary study stage.

采用雄性不育系生产杂交种是种子生产中最好的方法，一直受到苜蓿育种工作者的重视，并取得了一些成绩，但在种子产量和三系配套生产中还存在很多问题和不足，特别在我国，不育系杂交制种技术还处于初步研究阶段。

In my experimentⅠcompare the purposes of different combinations of endoenzyme(MseⅠ-HindⅢ, MseⅠ-PstⅠ, MseⅠ-EcoRⅠ) and find that MseⅠ-HindⅢeasily finds thepolymorphism by primers combinations suiTab for AFLP analysis.And by means of this there aremany polymorphism strips. So the double endoenzyme of AFLP was exercisedfor the analysis of soybean cytoplasmic male sterility.In the cource of my experiment, 64 primerpairs of MseⅠand HindⅢwere exerted to analyse the twe mtDNA pools which are made ofsterilities and holdings and the polymorphisms of sterilities and holdings.

运用扩增片段长度多态性的方法，对独特的杂交大豆试材进行分析研究，通过比较MseⅠ-HindⅢ、MseⅠ-PstⅠ、MseⅠ-EcoRⅠ不同酶切组合的效果，结果表明MseⅠ-HindⅢ较容易找到多态性引物组合，而且具有较高的多态性，本试验选用MseⅠ-HindⅢ进行双酶切大豆线粒体DNA从而完成AFLP的分析工作，试验用64对MseⅠ和HindⅢ引物对两个不育系及保持系材料的线粒体DNA制成的pool进行AFLP标记分析，分析了不育系与保持系之间的多态性； 4。

BJ-1A has a uniformed population with stable agronomic characters, a complete male sterility with 100% of male sterile plants, a high natural stigma exsertion rate (3%~38%) and out-crossing rate (45%~65%), and a high combining ability.

BJ-1A群体整齐，农艺性状稳定，不育株率和不育度100%，异交性状好，花时集中，柱头自然外露率33%~38%，异交结实率45%~65%。

Since 1996, the Rice Research Institute of Liaoning Province has laid stress on the genetic improvement of stigma exsertion rate of japonica male sterile lines. By introducing the genes of high stigma exsertion rate from indica into japonica, a group of japonica male sterile lines with high stigma exsertion rate have been successfully developed. Their stigma exsertion rate have been greatly increased from less than 30% to more than 80%, resulting in an increased outcrossing rate over 60% and a high seed production yield of 3.0~4.5 t/hm^2. Moreover, using these sterile lines, a group of new japonica hybrid rice combinations such as Liaoyou 5218 (Liao 5216A/C418), Liaoyou 1052 (Liao 105A/C52) have been developed and released to commercial production.

自1996年以来，辽宁省稻作研究所加强了粳稻不育系的柱头外露率遗传改良研究，通过导入籼稻的高柱头外露率基因，选育了一批高柱头外露率的粳型不育系，柱头外露率由原来的30%以下逐步提高到80%以上，异交结实率可达到60%以上，杂交制种产量可提高到3.0~4.5t/hm^2，并配组育成了辽优5218（辽5216A/C418）、辽优1052（辽105A/C52）等杂交粳稻新组合，在生产上得到了大面积推广应用。

Compared with 810S,the total photosynthetic pigment content of Biao 810S was aabout 50%lower;which was the main cause of the yellow green leaf.2、The spikelet numbers,stigma exsertion rate and flowering time of Biao 810S were same as that of 810S.There were no significant difference of the agronomic traits between the the cross combination which came from the maintainers D100 and R96-1 and the combination from 810S.3、The photosynthetic rate of Biao810S was higher than 810S under strong light and lower under weak light.

叶绿素含量下降是标810S叶片呈淡黄绿叶色的根本原因。2、标810S的颖花数、柱头外露率和开花时间与对照基本相当，与恢复系D100和R96-1配制的杂交组合农艺性状与用810S配制的相应推广组合无明显差异，表明标810S可替代810S应用于两系杂交水稻，其淡黄绿叶色性状可应用于杂交制种田的不育系群体除杂，同时可根据幼苗期淡黄绿叶色性状植株的比例用于鉴定杂交组合中不育系的混杂率。3、弱光条件下标810S的光合速率低于810S，强光条件下标810S光合速率比对照高，且标810S在光强2400μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)以下没有光饱和点和"午休"现象。

The results as follow:(1) The resistance,which had a great inheritability,was controlled by both additive heredity and non-additive heredity,but the former was more important than the later.(2) Restorer's GCA was more important than CMS line's,but the later had significant effect on the resistance of its crosses.(3) K42A、K40A,Duohui No.1 and Chenghui 149 had better GCA of resistance to leaf blast than the other tested parents.

结果表明，杂交水稻苗瘟抗性遗传力高，受加性和非加性基因效应共同控制，但以加性效应为主；恢复系的苗瘟抗性一般配合力效应明显相对重要于不育系，不育系苗瘟抗性一般配合力效应对Fi代的抗性有显著的影响；14个供试亲本中，多恢1号、成恢149、H42A、K40A具有较好的苗瘟抗性一般配合力效应。

The maker of genic-male sterility genes in kenaf is used in the chosen of good sterile line or maintainer line.

红麻雄性不育基因的分子标记，可用于优良不育系或保持系的选择。

Therefore, it is helpful to identify seed purity and it also provides technical support for the research on male sterile gene of male sterile marigold by RAPD marker.

因此，用RAPD分子标记技术能够较有效地进行万寿菊种子纯度的鉴定，并且也能够为雄性不育万寿菊不育基因的研究提供一定的技术支持。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。