不育

The dominant male sterility was expressed normally in the new Taigu genic sterile wheat carrying the intergenomically translocated Ms2, and the female fertility mechanism in its male sterile plants was normal as well. Observation of the chromosome configuration at meiosis of pollen mother cells of the young ears of the sterile plants showed that they were euploid plants (2n=42). No configurations different from those of the Taigu geneic sterility gene located at the original locus were noticed of the Ms2 intergenomically translocated back into the common wheat.

所获携带易组Ms2基因的新型太谷核不育小麦其显性雄性不育特性表达正常，且雄性不育株的雌性可育机制正常，对不育株幼穗花粉母细胞减数分裂期染色体构型的观察可见其为整倍体(2n=42)，尚未发现回归普通小麦的易组太谷核不育基因与原位点的太谷核不育基因有不同的表型。

The mechanism of fertility conversion of temperature sensitive genic male sterile line in maize was studied by the methods of sowing with stages and investigating leafage.

利用分期播种和田间跟踪调查叶龄的方法，以琼 6Qms为材料研究了玉米温敏型核雄性不育的育性转换机制，结果表明，日最高温度是育性转换的主要因子，表现出低温可育，高温不育，育性转换的温度区间为 2 7～ 31℃；同时日照长度对育性转换也有一定的影响，表现为长日照不育，短日照可育。

In order to the use of the male-sterility quickly, enriching the basic theories of male-sterility,we used the eggplant male sterile lines and their maintainers as materials, to analyze the physilolgical and biochemical characteristics and parthenocarpy by investigation of energy, substance and polyamine metabolism.

为了加快茄子雄性不育的利用进程，丰富茄子雄性不育的基础理论，本试验以雄性不育系及其保持系为试验材料，从能量代谢、物质含量、多胺代谢着手，对与茄子雄性不育性及单性结实有关的生理生化特性进行了分析，试验结果如下： 1 苗期不育系叶片中IAA和GA_3含量的不足，ZR的盈积以及ABA/(IAA+ZR+GA_3)比值的失衡导致了茄子雄性不育系苗期生长缓慢。

This paper summarized the experiments which support or negate the existence of female sterility,analyzed the experimental ideas and inference methods of these experiments,especially Sano' s;and concluded that the conclusion that the hybrid sterility is only caused by male or female sterility is a one - sided view,therefore attention should be paid to the genetics of both female and male sterility.

本文对证明水稻亚种间杂种存在和不存在雌性不育的研究进行了综述与分析，从中可以看出无论是认为水稻亚种间杂种不育性表现为雄性不育还是雌性不育的结论都有一定的片面性；尤其是Sano证明基因座S-5不存在的研究存在较大的缺陷。因此，水稻亚种间杂种雌雄配子败育对小穗育性影响的大小有待进一步研究。

In Japonica heterosis utilization, the purity of hybrid seeds was sometimes low due to the self-fertility and/or unstable sterility of some BT type Japonica cytoplasmic male sterile lines. For the WA type Japonica CMS lines, their sterility is much stable, but there is also some difficult to take use of them because their flowering habit is bad and it is very difficult to restore their fertility. The HL type CMS lines were identified to have the same flowering habit and outcrossing rate with the BT type CMS lines in Japonica hybrid rice. Moreover, the sterility of HL type CMS lines was more stable than that of BT type, and their restorable characteristics was better than that of WA type.

部分BT型粳稻不育系存在自交结实现象，不育性的稳定性较差，影响杂交种的纯度；WA型粳稻不育系虽然不育性稳定，但开花习性差，育性最难恢复，应用难度较大；HL粳稻不育系开花习性及异交结实率与BT型粳稻不育系无显著差异，育性稳定性明显好于BT型粳稻不育系，可恢复性明显好于WA型粳稻不育系，较好地协调了育性稳定性、开花习性和可恢复性几方面的矛盾。

There are three copies of R fragment in the S mt-genome, and each copy contains two closely adjacent open reading frames: orf355 and orf77. Among these three copies two BamHI fragments were cloned, and the sequence analysis showed that cox1 and cox2 gene lies upstream of the R region in each fragment, respectively. However, they locate in different strands and head to head with R. In this study, we found that:(1) The expression of cox1 and cox2 is not affected by the transcription of R region;(2) The two copies of R region transcribe in large amount in the microspores, and produce transcripts of 1.6kb and 2.8kb, respectively, in the sterile microspores; However, the abundance of these two transcripts is reduced in the fertility restored microspores, realized through the mRNA decay, and this reduction occurs at the uninucleate microspore stage;(3) In the sterile microspores, the 5 terminus of the 1.6kb transcript contains a palindrome region that can fold into a stem-loop.

本研究发现：(1) cox1和cox2的转录没有受到R区转录的影响；(2)两个拷贝的R区在在不育花粉中高丰度表达，其转录本大小分别为1.6kb和2.8kb；而在育性恢复的花粉中，这两个转录本的丰度被大大降低，进一步分析表明这一结果是通过mRNA分子的降解途径来实现的，此降解过程发生在单核花粉期；(3)在不育花粉中，1.6kb转录本的5′末端具有一段可形成茎环结构的迴文对称序列，而在可育花粉中，其5′末端短缺了9个碱基；(4)在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中，R区转录本的加尾位点都集中位于一个3′茎环结构之后；(5)不管是在不育花粉还是育性恢复的花粉中，orf77区域内均在第52位和100位核苷酸处发生了不同频率的C向U的编辑，从而形成UGA终止密码；(6)不管是orf55-orf77的成熟转录本还是转录前体分子，都已被加上了Poly尾巴，表明已进入降解途径；在以上实验结果的基础上，本研究对S型CMS花粉育性的恢复机理进行了如下推测：在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中，orf77区域内均发生了终止编辑，即由RNA编辑产生了提前终止密码子。

The test by observing 5 different type of CMS lines, and finding that the abortion process of these five CMS lines is same. Only in some certain time, they have a little difference. It also has a same abortion process between the type of WA and D, the time of abortion most happened at the stage from monocaryon to dikaryon.

试验通过对D型不育系、K型不育系、冈型不育系、野败型不育系、印尼水田谷型不育系等5种不同质源的细胞质雄性不育系的细胞学观察，发现这5种雄性不育系败育过程差别不大，只是在具体的败育时期略有不同。

The male sterility resulted from nucleus-cytoplasmic interaction (nuclear genome of common wheat--cytoplasmic genome of D〓-type cytoplasm donor), D〓-type CMS was sporophytic sterility pattern.

一、D〓型CMS系的花粉育性对光周期的变化不敏感（不同于已有光敏不育性的报道），属非光敏细胞质雄性不育系；其不育性起因于核质互作（普通小麦核基因组--D〓型细胞质变异基因组）、属孢子体不育类型；雄性不育受核内隐性基因控制、育性恢复受核内显性基因控制。

In different treatments there were significant differences in male sterility among INACs, of which I TA showed the highest rate of sterility and the best sterility stability under different conditions; meanwhile, altering nucleo cytoplasmic relationship by substitutional backcrosses could modify and improve male sterility of CMS lines.

结果表明，同核异质不育系不育度在年份间、播期间、实生稻与再生稻间差异极显著，不同细胞质不育系间差异显著，其中I特A在各种处理条件下均表现出最高的不育度和最好的不育稳定性。通过回交核置换技术培育新核质关系的同核异质不育系，可达到修饰改良育性的目的。

In this paper, male sterile line of alfalfa was used to be improved with crossing, because the seed production of crossing is low. The affecting factors of seed production of male sterile line of alfalfa and its crossing progenies that are crossed with male sterile lines of alfalfa and good alfalfa that male is fertile were analyzed. The characteristics of female reproductive organs of male sterile line and its crossing progenies are analyzed in cell morphology. The genetic difference of male sterile line and its crossing progenies are analyzed in enzyme protein. The results showed: 1、Rate of podding of nature crossing and fecundity of artificial crossing of the male sterile plant BC1-2 that is the crossing progency of male sterile line of alfalfa and Medicago varia Martin.cv.'Caoyuan No.1'is higher than male sterile lines. Rate of podding of nature crossing and fecundity of artificial crossing of the male sterile plants BC1-19、BC1-21、BC1-22、BC1-23 that are the crossing progencies of male sterile line of alfalfa and Medicago sativa L.cv.

针对苜蓿雄性不育系杂交制种产量低的问题，采用杂交法对苜蓿雄性不育系进行改良，以原苜蓿雄性不育系为轮回亲本与雄性可育优良苜蓿品种杂交，分析苜蓿雄性不育系及其杂交后代种子产量的影响因素，从细胞形态学方面观察和分析杂交后代及原不育系在雌性生殖器官上的变异特点，从酶蛋白水平对杂交后代及原不育系的遗传差异进行分析，初步研究结果如下： 1、苜蓿雄性不育系与草原一号苜蓿的杂交后代不育株BC1-2，以及苜蓿雄性不育系与X′(苜蓿雄性不育系与新疆大叶苜蓿的杂种F1代)的杂交后代不育株BC1-19、BC1-21、BC1-22、BC1-23的天然杂交结荚率和人工杂交制种的结荚率和百粒重均高于原苜蓿雄性不育系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。