不等式

Therefore,in order to simplify the proving process of these inequalities.Though reading a lot of relevant resource,we begin with the basic concept of math,and use an ingenious way――probabilistic method, which means that according to the main features of inequality theory,combining the basic concepts and formulas of probability,through creating one suitable probability model,giving some concrete meanings of random events or random variables,proving through probability theory,we discuss the Cauchy inequality,Class inequality,Jensen inequality,and several common inequality's proofs.

因此，为了简化这些不等式的证明过程，通过阅读大量的相关资料，本文从数学的基本概念入手，运用了1种巧妙的方法——概率方法，即根据不等式的主要特征，结合概率论的1些基本概念和公式，通过建立1个适当的概率模型，赋以1些随机事件或随机变量的具体含义，再利用概率论的理论加以证明，讨论了柯西不等式，级数不等式，詹森不等式和几个1般不等式的证明。

At the beginning of this thesis, the author gives the definition and the equivalent definition of convex function, and then proves the equivalent relationship between them. Secondly the author proposes the decision theorem of convex function which provides a judgment basis of whether a function is a convex function. Thirdly the author summarizes and proves the convex function's operational, basic, differential and integral property. Finally the author proves several famous convex function inequalities, such as Jensen inequality, Holder inequality, Cauchy inequality. The author also provides the application of these inequalities and illustrates the importance of convex function's basic inequality and integral property in the proving process.

本文开始给出了凸函数的定义及等价定义，并证明了它们之间的等价关系；接着提出了凸函数的判定定理，对一个函数是否是凸函数提供判断依据；然后对凸函数的运算性质、基本性质、微分性质、积分性质四个方面的性质进行了总结，并给予了证明；最后证明了凸函数的几个著名不等式詹森不等式、赫尔德不等式、柯西不等式，给出了这几个不等式的一些应用实例，并举例说明凸函数的基本性质和积分性质在不等式证明过程中的重要作用。

At the beginning of this thesis, the author gives the definition and the equivalent definition of convex function, and then proves the equivalent relationship between them. Secondly the author proposes the decision theorem of convex function which provides a judgment basis of whether a function is a convex function. Thirdly the author summarizes and proves the convex function's operational ,basic , differential and integral property. Finally the author proves several famous convex function inequalities, such as Jensen inequality, Holder inequality, Cauchy inequality and Minkowski inequality. The author also provides the application of these inequalities and illustrates the importance of convex function's basic inequality and integral property in the proving process.

本文开始给出了凸函数的定义及等价定义，并证明了它们之间的等价关系；接着提出了凸函数的判定定理，对一个函数是否是凸函数提供判断依据；然后对凸函数的运算性质、基本性质、微分性质、积分性质四个方面的性质进行了总结，并给予了证明；最后证明了凸函数的几个著名不等式詹森不等式、赫尔德不等式、柯西不等式和闵可夫斯基不等式以及这几个不等式的应用，并举例说明凸函数的基本性质和积分性质在不等式证明过程中的重要作用。

Inequality proof of various ways, they were: use derivative testify inequality nature, Includes using functional monotonicity and extreme value, the function and the concave and convex inequality, proving is concave and convex function in the original definition of equivalent definitions and a lemma is proposed on the basis of relevant concave and convex function of several theorems about inequality, and briefly discusses how to use the definitions and theorems in proof of inequality.

不等式的证明方法多种多样，它们分别是：用导数性质证明不等式；包括利用函数单调性，极值与最值，函数凹凸性证明不等式，其中在给出凹凸函数原始定义等价的解析定义和一个引理的基础上提出有关凹凸函数关于不等式的几个定理，并简要阐述了利用定义和定理在证明不等式中的运用。

In dual Brunn-Minkowski theory, we study the properties of the dual harmonic quer-massintegrals systematically and establish some inequalities for the dual harmonic quer-massintegrals, such as the Minkowski inequality, the Brunn-Minkowski inequality, the Blaschke-Santalo inequality and the Bieberbach inequality. We establish the dual Brunn-Minkowski inequality for dual affine quermassintegrals. Recently we learned that Gardner have independently proved it by a different method. The polar body of a convex body is an important object in the context of convex geometry. Hence, after we studied the intersection bodies, it is natural to consider the inequalities for their polar bodies.

在对偶Brunn-Minkowski理论中，我们引入了对偶调和均质积分概念，系统的研究了它的性质，并建立对偶调和均质积分的Brunn-Minkowski不等式，Blaschke-Santalo型不等式和Bieberbach不等式；接着我们建立了对偶仿射均质积分的对偶Brunn-Minkowski不等式，最近我们得知这个不等式被Gardner用另外的方式证明；凸体的极体是凸几何中一个重要概(来源：2525ABf8C论文网www.abclunwen.com)念，既然相交体和投影体有对偶关系，因此在研究完投影体的极体之后自然要研究相交体的极体。

In order to reasonably depict four basic problems with friction, one Coulomb friction new form in first Kirchhoff stress is proposed to deal with finite deformation problems, other Coulomb friction form in incremental mode to elastoplastic flow theory; Hilbert function spaces concerning elastoplastical problems with friction are established, so it makes all operations and calculations in the treatise standardized within the scope of reasonably topologic structure; In view of functional extremum, the equivalence between generalized variational inequalities principles in elastoplasticity with friction and corresponding basic problems are testified by inducing Lagrangian multipliers, so it provides a rationally theoretical basis for numerical methods in elastoplasticity with friction; From the viewpoint of variational inequality, the theory of generalized variational inequalities in elasticity and elastoplasticity with frictional constraint is studied, and the uniqueness and existence of the solution of FEM is proofed under the proposed conditions of stress compatibility, and them FEM approximation and a discrete solution are discussed; Based on the principles of generalized variational inequalities in elastoplasticity with friction, direct generalized variational inequalities methods is pretended, which is a natural generalization and development of direct variational methods; Using generalized variational inequalities methods, some examples in metal forming including plane deformation, upset and extrusion are analyzed and the results prove that all the theories and methods in the paper are right, feasible, accurate and advanced.

主要内容有：为了合理地描述金属塑性成形中摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性基本问题，提出和研究了有限变形下以Kirchhoff第一应力表示的Coulomb摩擦定律形式和弹塑性流动理论下以增量形式表示的Coulomb摩擦定律表示形式；系统建立了摩擦约束弹塑性问题的Hilbert函数空间，使本文规范在一个具有合理的代数拓扑结构内进行一切操作和运算；利用Lagrange乘子，从泛函极值的角度系统地阐述和论证了一系列摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性广义变分不等原理与相应的实际问题之间的等价性，它为处理摩擦约束的弹塑性力学数值方法提供了合理的理论基础；从变分不等式的角度出发，阐述了对应于摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性问题的广义变分不等式理论，首次提出了在应力相容性条件下，它的有限元解具有存在唯一性，进而讨论了其有限元近似及离散解法；基于摩擦约束弹塑性广义变分不等式原理，首次提出了直接广义变分不等式方法，这一方法是直接变分法的合理推广和发展；利用直接广义变分不等式方法对金属压力加工中的平面变形问题、镦粗、挤压等塑性成形问题进行了分析计算，验证了该理论和数值算法的正确性、实用性、精确性和优越性。

Second, in the forth part, the writer used relationshipin quasi--variat iona1 inequal ity, pseudo-variational inequality and monotone variational inequality and used the solution of monotone GVIP to solute quasi?variational inequality,pseudo?variational inequality. Also some important conclusion were given.

二。第四部分利用了拟变分不等式、伪变分不等式及强变分不等式之间的关系，利用已知的单调广义变分不等式的解的情况来研究拟变分不等式、伪变分不等式及强变分不等式的解的情况，并得出一些重要的理论。

Since there is natural different of the kinematic density formula for pairs of intersecting lines in two-dimensional surface and three-dimensional space, the inequalities for double chord-power integrals have studied from two side of two-dimensional surface and three-dimensional space using chord-power intergral inequality. Schwarz inequality. Holder inequality and so on.

由于二维平面和三维空间上的相交直线偶的运动不变密度公式有着本质的不同，本文从二维平面和三维空间两个角度，利用弦幂积分不等式，Schwarz不等式，Holder不等式等不等式分别得到了一系列双弦幂积分不等式。

IiBy the double 〓-inequalities obtained in our thesis,we solve the problemthat classical 〓 inequalities be invalid when the value of the indices of 〓 functionsbe extreme and unify some classical martingale inequalities,for example:we unifyImkeller's inequality and Doob's inequality to the same double 〓-inequality.

第二，利用关于两个〓函数的不等式解决了鞅的经典〓不等式在〓函数数量指标〓取极端值时遇到的困难；统一了某些经典鞅不等式（如将Imkeller不等式与Doob不等式统一为同一种双〓不等式）。

In the eight ieth, variational inequa1 ity hasits important development phase and there were suchvari ati ona1 inequa1 it ies as vector vari at ionalinequal ity, general variati ona1 inequal ity quasi-variationa1 inequal ity, 1 ike--variat iona1 inequal ity andgenera1 ized vari at iona1 inequa1 ity.

八十年代为变分不等式问题的很重要的发展阶段，出现了一系列的变分不等式，如向量变分不等式、一般变分不等式、拟变分不等式、类变分不等式及广义变分不等式。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。