不积极的

Each countries have made different regulations for the judicial supervision of commercial affairs. Anglo-American Law System are greatly defferent from Continental Law System. Countries with Anglo-American Law System often endow with more rights of supervision and intervention to the courts, however, in the Continental Law System countries, the courts usually dont intervene in the work out of the arbitrament. But with the development of the arbitration, the court has change its participant degree from more supervision and less support to limited supervision and positive support.

世界各国对商事仲裁司法监督的规定各有不同，英美法系国家与大陆法系国家对此的规定就有较大差别，英美法系国家通常赋予法院以较大的监督权和干预权，在大陆法系国家，法院一般不干预仲裁裁决的作出，但随着仲裁的不断发展，法院对仲裁的参与程度基本上都从较多的监督、较少的支持转变为有限的监督、积极的支持。

The thesis takes three chapters. It gives prominence to the dynamic construction process of value-cognition structure, stresses that Marx is not a passive thought container. His early thought is not a passive excrescence to be imperatively get rid of, but it's a positive pre-structure to understand the world. This pre-structure as a internal, basic and continually developed value-recognition structure that enable knowledge and ethics to be possible, stipulates an agreement on the path and direction of his last thought development. So Marx said:"The problem is not to rule off an impassable gap between the past and the future, but is to realize the past thought."

本文采取三篇结构，突出马克思价值-认知结构的动态建构过程，强调马克思早期思想不是需要摆脱的消极赘生物，而是理解世界的一种积极的"前结构"，这种"前结构"作为一种内在的、基础性的和连续发展的、使知识和道德成为可能的价值-认知结构，规约着马克思以后思想发展的路径和方向，以致连马克思本人也认为"问题并不在于从思想上给过去和未来划下一条不可逾越的鸿沟，而在于实现过去的思想。"

The author firstly combs the teachers sources of Shuyuan in Ming and Qing dynasties, points out that there are four main sources for it, and concludes that making full use of social resources is a valid path to solve the problem of teachers sources then.Secondly, the present research consults Shuyuan teachers employment way in Ming and Qing dynasties, combs its three ways and deeply inquires into the subjective and objective condition for them.Thirdly, the present research analyses Shuyuan teaching characteristics, management and promotion, sums up seven main teaching characteristics and analyses the advantage and disadvantage of them,Further more , the present research consults Shuyuan teachers management and promotion, makes an analysis on its historic courses why it"s informal.Finally, the present research analyses the Shuyuan teachers" economic treatment, social status and the influence and effect made to the politics, economy, military, social life and cultural education where they were situated in Ming and Qing dynasties, and concludes that the Shuyuan teachers in Ming and Qing dynasties actively participated in the local social activities in their peculiar upper class gentlemanship and greatly influenced and promoted the policy making and carrying out of the local public affairs, meanwhile, they promoted the communication and development of local learning and culture , and trained quite many men for profession for the locals.

作者首先对明清时期书院教师的来源进行了梳理，指出了明清书院教师的四种主要来源，认为充分利用社会资源是明清书院解决教师来源的有效途径；其次，对明清时期书院教师的聘用方式进行了历史考察，梳理出明清时期书院存在着三种教师聘用方式，深入探讨了这三种方式并存的主客观条件；再次，对明清时期书院教师的教学特点进行了分析，归纳出七个主要教学特点，并说明其利弊；此外，探讨了明清时期书院教师的管理及升迁问题，分析了其存在的不规范性的历史原因；最后，剖析了明清时期书院教师的经济待遇、社会地位及对书院所在地的政治、经济、军事及社会生活与文化教育所可能产生的作用与影响，得出明清书院教师以自己特有的上层绅士身份与地位积极地参与到当地社会生活之中，并在相当程度上影响与促进了地方公共事务的决策与实施；同时，他们促进了当地学术及文化的交流与发展，为当地培养出了大批的杰出人才。

I don't want to be burdened with the sacredness and grandiosity demanded by art history; I only look at it as the appearance of history; I roam within it and absorb the positive elements for my own use. It doesn't matter whether it's traditional or contemporary, eastern or western, folk art or functional art, or some other cultural phenomena – all are attractive to me. I will make an effort to dissolve them into my own senses, and thoughtfully represent them in my works.

…… 我不去承受美术史的神圣和伟大所带来的精神压力，我只把其看作是历史的模样，游于其中吸收一切积极的因素为我所用，无论是传统的、现代的、东方的还是西方的，包括民间绘画和实用绘画及其它方面的文化现象都对我有极强的诱惑力，我将努力把这来自于一切的认识溶于自我的感觉之中，潜移默化地体现在我作品的创作中。

It is well known that we have been using the classical and typical artworks that are already popular with people to enhance kids'morality, merits and percipient of beauty.

在这个背景下，我们基础美术学科教育遇到了新的难题：在以往的美术教学中，欣赏评述内容更倾向于对传统艺术形式和经典作品的理解和欣赏，而且大多是以经过历史筛选、久为人们所熟知的、正面积极的作品来感染学生、提高他们的审美能力和对艺术的感知力，而目前这些尚处在蓬勃发展中的艺术形式对于广大中小学学生来说是令人迷惑而高深莫测的，他们很容易象接受书本知识和教师讲解一样去接受一切在艺术杂志、展览馆、画廊中所看到的充满刺激的新艺术作品，而这种反应大多是本能的、不带批评性的，与他们对摇滚乐和青年文化等方面的反应类似(《艺术批评与艺术教育》ArtCritics and Art Education沃尔夫吉伊根著)。

Since 1999, the Russian economy has witnessed a rapid growth. However, the Russian government did not take advantage of this favorable opportunity to carry out industrial restructuring, but rather adopting a "passive adaptation" policy, which results in Russia's dual industrial structure today. On the one hand, Russia's total industrial structure has undergone positive changes, not only there has been preprimary adjustment in the relationship between the three industries, but there is a high-level trend in the industrial structure; on the other hand, the internal structure of Russian industry seems to become more unreasonable, even somewhat backwards.

在1999年以来俄罗斯经济的迅速攀升中，俄政府没有利用这一有利时机进行产业结构调整，而是采取"消极适应"的政策，于是出现了今天俄罗斯产业结构的双元现象：一方面，俄罗斯总的产业结构发生了积极的变化，不仅三次产业的关系得到了初步的调整，而且产业结构出现了走向高级化的趋势；另一方面，俄罗斯各产业内部的结构愈发不合理，甚至呈现倒退的态势。

Apologetics is pre-eminently a positive, historical discipline, whereas dogmatic theology is rather philosophic and deductive, using as its premises data of divine and ecclesiastical authority -- the contents of revelation and their interpretation by the Church.

护教学最重要的作用是积极的，历史学科，而教条式的神学，而不是哲学与演绎，以作为其房地数据的神和宗教事务管理局-内容的启示及其解释由教会。

Compared with NCAA, which has a history of 65 years, the 6-year-old CUBA lags far behind in terms of its influence and rallying point. However, after 7 years' painstaking effort, CUBA has successfully set up a positive, healthy, fashionable, independent game brand, which has been widely acknowledged by every field of the society. It has become a trail blazer and forerunner, leading the Chinese university sports games on the road of socialization and industrialization.

比起拥有65年历史的NCAA男篮联赛，刚刚步入第六个赛季的CUBA联赛在影响力和号召力方面还有不小的差距，但经过7年的精耕细作，CUBA已经形成了自己的核心价值、发展理念、竞赛体系、组织机构、运行机制、营销渠道等，成功地建立了一个积极、健康、时尚、独立，为社会各界所熟知和认可的赛事品牌，成为中国高校体育竞赛走社会化、产业化发展道路的拓荒者和领跑者。

Later, I now want to use a similar training method of circus animals, such as she would like milk, the milk of non-forcing her to say much, at first said she would not cry, I will root her token, the long-fat milk teach her tone, saying that as long as there is a little bit of the elephant are actively encouraged her, in recognition of her, of course, has not forgotten to give her milk, speaking from her favorite, the most interesting things started.

后来我就用一种现在想来类似训练马戏团小动物的方法，比如她想喝奶，就非逼她说出奶才行，起先她宁可大哭也不说，我就根她讲道理，漫漫教她发奶的音，说的只要有一点点象都积极的鼓励她，表扬她，当然也不忘给她喝奶，说话就是从她最喜欢，最感兴趣的东西开始的。

Be able to change the negative sand prevention, block sand, as the positive control of desertification, sand; change "conquer the desert" and "wishful thinking" to "treat nature","best of both worlds," the people of the region become a major test of wisdom.

能不能变消极的防沙、堵沙，为积极的治沙、用沙；变&征服沙漠&的&一厢情愿&为&善待自然&的&两全其美&，成为对全区人民智慧的一大考验。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐