不确定性

Uncertainties exist in either aleatory variability or epistemic uncertainty, but a weighted average of various alternatives in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the combination in methodology of PSHA and DSHA (deterministic seismic hazard analysis) should better prevent it from producing an extremely biased output of hazard estimates.

由于输入模型中不确定因素的存在，如输入参数的随机性和科学分析方法本身的不确定性，对分析结果的不确定性需审慎对待。通常对不同的模型或参量，包括地面衰减模型，进行加权平均可较为合理地减小结果的偏差。概率分析和确定性分析方法的结合亦为可取之有效途径。

In discrete-time linear system, apriori H〓 filtering, aposteriori H〓 filtering, L〓 apriori filtering with an H〓 error bound, L〓 aposteriori filtering with an H〓 error bound, robust H〓 apriori filtering, robust apriori L〓 filtering, and robust aposteriori L〓 filtering to noise inputting matrix uncertainty system are considered.

对离散线性系统，研究了确定性系统的H〓验前滤波和验后滤波、H〓约束下的L〓验前滤波及验后滤波、不确定性系统的H〓验前滤波、鲁棒L〓验前滤波及噪声输入矩阵不确定性情况下的鲁棒L〓验后滤波。

Applying LMI technique, quadratic stability theory, and H〓 control theory, three methods of robust stability analysis and robust controller design for uncertain fuzzy systems are proposed respectively. Among them, LMI based technique can analyze the uncertainties raised in the premises and in the consequent of fuzzy systems. The resulting stabilizing state feedback controllers have maximum stability margins for both kinds of uncertainties. Quadratic stability theory based approach can apply LMI technique and other methods to design fuzzy controllers. H〓 control theory based design can get H〓 controller with constant disturbance attenuation for each local subsystem. Using the given stability criterion of generalized systems, the robust stability of fuzzy systems can be checked.

其中，基于LMI的方法可分析由模糊系统的前件或后件引起的不确定性，得到的稳定的状态反馈控制器对这两类不确定性具有最大的稳定裕度；基于二次稳定理论的方法可应用LMI技术和其它方法设计模糊控制器；基于H〓控制理论的方法可得到各局部子系统具一定干扰抑制性能的鲁棒H〓控制器，而全局系统的鲁棒稳定性可应用所给出的稳定条件进行检验。

The proposed method has the merit that the numerical characteristics of stochastic temperature field response can be obtained by analyzing the random temperature field just in one time.3. Perturbed numerical algorithm of nonprobabilistic convex set theoretical models on the temperature fieldThe uncertain parameters of physical parameters and initial boundary conditions of heat conduction are described by the convex model. The perturbation formulas of the upper and lower bounds of temperature field response with unknown-but-bounded parameters are given via the combination of matrix perturbation theory and the convex set theory model.4. Numerical analysis for transient temperature field with interval parametersConsidering the uncertainties of the transient heat transfer, the physical parameters and initial boundary conditions are regarded as interval variables.

该方法具有只进行一次随机温度场分析便可以获得其响应的数字特征的优点。3、温度场的非概率凸集合理论模型的摄动数值解法将结构导热的物理参数、温度场的初始和边界条件等不确定性参数以凸模型加以描述，基于矩阵摄动理论和处理不确定问题的凸集合理论模型的结合，导出有界不确定参数瞬态温度场响应所在集合的上、下界摄动计算公式。4、具有区间参数的瞬态温度场数值分析考虑结构瞬态热传导问题的不确定性，将结构各物理参数和温度的初、边值条件均视为区间变量。

On condition that the nonlinear uncertain function is bounded, based on state observer and controller, we derive a sufficient condition for robust stability independent of delay by the Lyapunov functional theory.

在非线性不确定性满足有界条件下，通过构造增广系统，利用Lyapunov稳定性理论，给出了该不确定性系统基于观测器的鲁棒镇定的充分条件，并给出了相应的状态观测器和鲁棒控制器。

In addition, Cayuga is also NFA-based; hence it too suffers from the limitations of the NFA-based model.

此外，Cayuga也是基于不确定性自动机模型的，它也受到不确定性自动机模型的制约。

In this study, the convex set theory and convex models are applied in the treatment of uncertainty in the seismic hazard analysis and performance-based structural seismic evaluation and design, and an alternative approach is developed for analyzing the uncertainty in earthquake engineering.

本文运用凸集理论和凸集模型描述地震危险性分析和基于性能的抗震性能评估和抗震设计中相关因素的不确定性，发展地震工程中不确定性因素的新的处理方法。

Characters of radiation detriment are uncertainty and externality, which have to be considered by decision-maker.

从决策者的角度需要考虑辐射危害的不确定性、包括对其危害认识的不确定性，以及外部性。

The system is reduced to that without uncertainties, and the controller design method based on linear matrix inequality using Lyapunov function is derived.

论文中将具有不确定性的时滞系统转化为不含不确定性的时滞系统，并且给出控制器存在的条件和设计步骤。

This thesis has discussed historical background and the ideas of the supply-chain management, and analyzed the origin of the uncertainty of the supply-chain and the effects that the uncertainty brings to the Supply Chain, the author of the thesis pointed out the intension of the supply chain optimization and discussed the ideas of the modeling of the supply-chain. The analysis referencing the dynamic programming theory of the deterministic optimization was involved in the thesis.

论文通过论述供应链管理产生的历史背景、供应链管理的基本概念，分析了供应链不确定性因素的来源以及不确定性给供应链管理带来的影响，指出供应链优化的内涵，并讨论了供应链管理建模的思路，针对确定性优化的动态规划理论进行归纳分析。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。