不确定性

Secondly, the analytic expressions of the error band boundary line for the s model of line segment are deduced, the parameter equations of the error band boundary are gotten.

考虑实用性和合理性，将线元看成离散点的集合，将线的不确定性看成点的不确定性的聚合体，将线元的位置不确定性模型看成以各点误差椭圆的长半轴E为半径的误差圆的聚合体，建立了以线元上任意点处的误差椭圆的长半轴E为带宽的线元不确定性ε模型。

Based on grey system theory and fuzzy theory, uncertain decision making problems and several relative articles were studied, then points out the advantage and shortage of them when dealing with grey fuzzy set were pointed out. In this paper, using optimization theory and the maximum entropy formulism, a method for multi attribute group decision making based on the theory of grey fuzzy relation is established.

引言不确定型决策问题在社会、经济、环境和管理等各个领域中普遍存在，并且是一项复杂的系统工程，由于人的参与使相关数据与信息系统中的不确定性更加显著，不确定性通常分为 2类，一个是所谓"主观"不确定性，即人的思维模糊性，另一个是信息不完全、不充分所造成的客观不确定性，即灰性。

In this paper, our work begins with the classification of inde- finite information presented in the first chapter and these classes include randomicity, fuzziness, non-partitionality, incomparability, incompleteness and unreliability. And the corresponding theories and methods of studying these information are simply described.

摘要本文第一章从不确定问题的定性描述出发，将不确定性信息分为了随机性不确定性信息、模糊性不确定信息、不可区分性不确定信息、不可比较性不确定性信息、不完全性不确定性信息和不可*性不确定信息，并对各种不确定信息的产生和处理方法进行了简单的概述。

In this case, indeterminacy theory is usually employed to quantify and manage these uncertainties.

在这样一个过程中存在很多不确定性因素，这些不确定性因素不仅包括企业所面临风险因素的不确定性，也包括企业管理决策过程中的主观因素即定性因素的不确定性，因此可以考虑运用不确定性理论方法来量化和处理这些不确定性因素。

The results showed that the evaluation of the current fishery resources was influenced by uncertainties in estimated F0.1, F and F, and by decisions of the managers with different confidence levels. The probability of being overfished reduces with the increase of uncertainties in F0.1, F and F, and decision confidence levels. Uncertainties in growth related parameters are the main contributors to the estimated uncertainties for F0.1 and F for the crimson sea bream fishery. The uncertainty of natural morality has limited influence on the estimated uncertainties of F0.1 and F.

结果表明：二长棘鲷渔业资源状态评估受到F0.1、F、F估计中的不确定性和管理者选取的决策置信水平的影响，二长棘鲷渔业被确定为过度捕捞的概率随着F0.1、F、F估计中不确定性和置信水平的增加而下降；F0.1和F估计中的不确定性主要由生长参数的不确定性引起，自然死亡系数的不确定性对F0.1和F估计中的不确定性的影响是有一定限度的。

After analyzing the cause of uncertainty in the process of oil-field development,the uncertainty problems in reservoir description,residual oil distribution,oil production prediction and plan of oil increscent measurement were taken as examples to show that uncertainty method is the key to solve those problems.Many uncertainty methods such as random modeling,fuzzy mathematics,mathematical statistics and opt...

在分析油田开发不确定性问题来源的基础上，以油田开发过程中的油藏描述、剩余油分布、油田产量预测和增产措施宏观规划等典型不确定性问题为例，说明了解决这类问题的有效手段为采用不确定性方法，包括随机建模技术、模糊数学、数理统计和最优化等方法；并逐一介绍了这些方法在解决油田开发不确定性问题中的应用。

After analyzing the cause of uncertainty in the process of oil-field development, the uncertainty problems in reservoir description, residual oil distribution, oil production prediction and plan of oil increscent measurement were taken as examples to show that uncertainty method is the key to solve those problems. Many uncertainty methods such as random modeling, fuzzy mathematics, mathematical statistics and optimization were introduced in the application of solving uncertainty problems in the oil-field development.

在分析油田开发不确定性问题来源的基础上，以油田开发过程中的油藏描述、剩余油分布、油田产量预测和增产措施宏观规划等典型不确定性问题为例，说明了解决这类问题的有效手段为采用不确定性方法，包括随机建模技术、模糊数学、数理统计和最优化等方法；并逐～介绍了这些方法在解决油田开发不确定性问题中的应用。

Then, after giving a simple analysis of the puzzles about uncertainty in deciding criminal cases, the paper introduces the methodology of the representation, reasoning and problem solving about the uncertain knowledge in the DZLX (short for "Ding Zui Liang Xing" in Chinese phoneticism), which is used for conviction and penal discretion according to Criminal Law in a court procedure.

文章首先概述了国内外不确定性知识的处理方法，又通过分析刑法适用中的不确定性问题，介绍了我们开发的&定罪量刑参考系统&DZLX中不确定性知识的表达，推理和求解的方法，由此提出了在不确定性知识处理领域中带有普遍意义的原则，并且对不确定性知识学习方法的机器实现作了探索。

The uncertainty problems in dam safety monitoring were studied in this dissertation. Based on regarding dam and its bedrock as an uncertainty system, the international actuality of correlative research was reviewed, and then closely combining with engineering practice, umpty analyses methods and their applications for uncertainty problems in dam safety monitoring were studied.

以大坝安全监控中的不确定性问题为研究对象，在综论国内外有关研究现状的基础上，将大坝及其坝基看作是受诸多不确定性因素影响的不确定性系统，并在此基础上紧密结合工程实际，对大坝安全监控中若干不确定性问题的分析方法与应用进行了深入研究。

This paper firstly reviews the evolution of American going-concern auditing opinion, so we can know the essence of this kind of auditing opinion. Secondly, on the base of analysing the conditions of going-concern of Chinese enterprises and a typical case, we draw our conclusion that chinses capital market urgently demands going-concern auditing opinion.Finally, this paper focuses on financial characteristic of company and the characteristic of going-concern auditing opinion, the market response to going-concern auditing opinion, the value relevance as well as the determinants of auditor reporting going-concern auditing opinion.

本文首先以美国为例，回顾了持续经营不确定性审计意见(going-concern opinion，以下简称为GCO)的发展沿革，籍此认识持续经营不确定性审计意见的本质内涵；其次，在对我国企业尤其是上市公司的持续经营问题进行分析的基础上，通过典型案例的剖析得出我国资本市场对持续经营不确定性审计意见存在较强烈需求的结论；最后，针对我国证券市场持续经营不确定性审计意见的市场反应、价值关联性及被出具持续经营不确定性审计意见公司的财务特征、审计师出具持续经营不确定性审计意见的影响因素进行了实证分析。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。