不灵敏度

With the development of science and technology, sensitive, rapid, reproducible, simple and accurate analytical methods are required for the determination of trace elements in geological, biological and environmental samples. The direct determination of extremely low concentration of trace element with modern atomic spectroscopic method, such as atomic absorption spectrometry is so difficult. On one hand, the limitations are associated not only with the insufficient sensitivity of these techniques but also with matrix interference.

随着科学技术技术的发展，在进行地质、环境、生物等样品中痕量金属元素的测定时，常常要求达到ppb级的水平，虽然火焰原子吸收分光光度法具有很高的灵敏度，但是要直接测定这些样品中的痕量组分却很难，这是因为，一方面，样品本身的物理化学状态有的不适合直接测定，或组分的含量低于分析方法的灵敏度；另一方面是存在基体干扰。

Measurements of sensitivity showed that the films annealed at 500℃ had high ethanol sensitivity (67%), the sensitivity of butane is not high in the temperature around 225℃.

退火温度500℃的样品在工作温度225℃时，对乙醇有较高的灵敏度，灵敏度达67%，对丁烷的灵敏度不高。

In presented method, the correlated variables are transformed into uncorrelated variables equivalently, and the performance functions in the correlated variables space are transformed into those in the equivalent uncorrelated variables space, in which the reliability sensitivity of the system failure probability with respect to the distribution parameters of the uncorrelated variables can be solved by the moment method for the uncorrelated variables. Finally the equivalent relationship between the correlated variables and the uncorrelated variables, the chain rule for derivative are employed to obtain the reliability sensitivity of the system failure probability with respect to the means of the correlated variables.

在所提的方法中，首先将相关变量空间等效转化为不相关变量空间，并将系统多个失效模式的功能函数转化为不相关变量空间的功能函数，进而利用矩方法得到多模式系统失效概率对不相关变量空间基本分布参数的灵敏度，最后利用相关变量空间与不相关变量空间的等价关系及复合函数求导法则，求得多模式系统失效概率对相关变量空间中变量均值的灵敏度。

Automatic differentiation and implicit function differentiation rule were used to calculate the precise absolute and relative sensitivity coefficients, with no truncation error introduced.

提出一种基于自动微分和隐函数求导法则的精馏塔优化计算灵敏度分析方法，可以求出精确的、无截断误差的灵敏度系数，以反映精馏塔模型中各种不确定因素变化所引起的改变和影响。

A sandwich ELISA was established taking the antiserum as the primary antibody. The sensitivity of the ELISA was 0.412 ng GH/ml of sample. Inter-assay and intro-assay coefficients of variation were 2. 58％(n=6) and 5. 69％(n=6) respectively. Serial dilutions of serum and pituitary homogenate from orange-spotted grouper yielded dose response curves that were parallel to the standard curve. And the GH of Acanthopagrus butcheri was also parallel to the standard curve. Prolactin of goldfish and recombinant growth hormone of common carp showed no cross-reactivity with the antiserum of orange-spotted grouper GH. It showed that the established RIA was specific and sensitive.

以斜带石斑鱼重组GH抗血清为第一抗体，羊抗兔抗体为第二抗体建立了双抗体夹心酶联免疫测定法，该系统的灵敏度为0.412ng GH／ml(n=6)，组内变异系数为2.58％(n=6)，组间变异系数为5.69％(n=6)，斜带石斑鱼血清和脑垂体稀释液曲线与斜带石斑鱼重组GH蛋白的标准曲线相平行、黑棘鲷GH的系列稀释曲线与标准曲线相平行，金鱼催乳素、重组鲤鱼GH的系列稀释曲线与标准曲线不平行，表明建立的斜带石斑鱼GH ELISA具有良好的特异性和重复性，灵敏度达到了测试血清样品中GH的水平。

As a result, the two beams of light don't have Faraday nonreciprocal phase error.

仿真结果表明，交叉环有很低的轴向磁场灵敏度，与轴向磁场灵敏度为23.4/的普通环相比，其他参数相同、不对称度为1%的交叉二极子光纤环，轴向磁场灵敏度仅为0.23/。

In non-contact measurement of displacement and vibration amplitude, the method of electric induced eddy-current which employs the L value measurement and frequency-modulated circuit is distinguished in the followings: the instrument based on it has a high sensitivity which is not effected by temperature variation, the initial gap can be indicated directly, unnecessity of re-calibration for different measured materials, etc.

电涡流；位移测量；调频； L值；线圈；线路；测试法；非接触；灵敏度变化；感应电；感应电涡流在非接触位移、振动测量中，采用L值测试法和调频线路具有仪器灵敏度高且灵敏度不随温度变化、原始间隙直接显示、对于不同被测材料不需重新定标等优点。

The WHO neurosis screening schedule is the best in both sensitivity and specificity of validity, but its practice is time-consuming and laborious, which limits its application. SCL-90 and CMI are imperfect in sensitivity of validity, and they cannot screen out the mental disorder in more than a half of the subjects. In a group test, they can hardly serve as a screening tool. UPI can screen out most of the mental disorder, and its sensitivity of validity reaches 83.1%. Additionally, the UPI questionnaire contains fake-test items, which could retest those who were missed due to untruly or not conscientiously answer the questionnaires. An acceptable way to obtain a true screening test is to give the individuals a propaganda of mental health and explain the questionnaires for 30 minutes before the test, which helps the examinee to understand the procedure and accept the questionnaires, so that the results of the test could be more reliable. In conclusion, UPI is a valuable screening tool to be recommended.

WHO神经症筛选表的灵敏度特异度都是最好的，但其操作费时费力，故适用性受限；以SCL-90和CMI二者的灵敏度很不理想，约一半以上的患者被筛漏，难以用团体测验方式作为筛选工具；UPI的灵敏度达83.1%，绝大多数病患可被发现，量表有测伪项目，可将不真实、不认真填写而遗漏的病患进行重测补救，且测前有30min时间进行心理卫生宣传和介绍防治人员服务内容、联系方法，使存在问题的人主动应询，从而可避免遗漏，是值得推荐的筛选工具。

Among the present methods for protein detection using aptamers, some of them are with high sensitivity, some with high sensitivity but require expensive instrument. This study takes use of aptamer modified by Au naloparticle to construct a new method for protein detection. This methos can fastly detect proteins with high sensitivity compairing to other methods, and requires no expensive instruments. It has wide application prospect and large market value.

当前利用Aptamer的蛋白质检测方法，有的灵敏度不是很高，有的虽有较高灵敏度，但需要昂贵的仪器，本研究利用金纳米颗粒(Au nanoparticle，Au NP)修饰的Aptamer来建立一个蛋白质检测的新方法，与其他方法相比，本方法有较高灵敏度、不需昂贵仪器，简单快捷，具有广泛的应用前景和巨大的市场价值。

Compare with tunable filter detection technique, the wavelength measurement technique using tunable source is analyzed theoretically. We design a kind of all-fiber sensing interrogation system, by using long-period fiber grating as edge filter to interrogate the sensing signal of the FBG sensor. The wavelength resolution of the sensing measurement is 0.05nm.A novel FBG Bourdon tube sensor has been constructed, utilizing the pressure mechanic amplify function of Bourdon tube. The measured pressure sensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than a simple monomode fiber with an in-fiber grating. Especially the pressure sensitivity of the sensor can be determined by changing the parameters of the cantilever beam. Adopting polymer package technique, we coat fiber Bragg grating by using polymer with different mechanic properties.

利用波登管对于压力的机械放大作用，研制了一种新颖的光纤光栅波登管压力传感器，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了两个数量级，特别是这一传感器的压力灵敏度的大小可以通过改变悬臂梁自身的参数灵活控制；采用聚合物封装技术，将FBG封装于具有不同力学特性的有机聚合物基底中，利用基底的带动作用，将FBG对压力的灵敏度分别提高了20倍和31.7倍，由于我们采用了特殊的工艺，封装后的FBG不出现任何光栅啁啾；在成功封装的基础上对封装光栅的蠕变效应、FBG与封装材料之间的防滑处理等进行了实验研究；设计了外加圆柱形铝管的聚合物封装光纤光栅，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了1430倍，可用于对微小压力变化的精确测量。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。