不正当行为

The 19 articles in the Interpretation relate to Articles 5, 9, 10 and 14, which provide determination of illegitimate act of unfair competition, for example, passing off, false promotion, misappropriation of trade secrets and denigration of competitors, application of civil liability and relevant litigation procedure.

该解释共十九条，涉及反不正当竞争法第五条、第九条、第十条、第十四条规定的仿冒、虚假宣传、侵犯商业秘密和商业诋毁等不正当竞争行为的认定、民事法律责任的适用和相关诉讼程序问题。

Contest price is ranked, essence is the own right that sells the information period that the citizen should have because of commercial interest, such practice is a kind not the practice of sincere letter, have some social responsibility in view of the company place that provides search service, its possess transmission society information essentially " the society is just implement " function, the author thinks, such behavior is a kind of false-hearted illegal behavior actually, disappoint of people trust and get shocking benefit.

竞价排名，实质是因商业利益而出卖公民应该具有的信息时代的自主权，这样的做法是一种不诚信的做法，鉴于提供搜索服务的企业所具有的社会责任，其实质上具有传播社会信息的"社会公器"的功能，笔者认为，这样的行为其实是一种背信违法行为，辜负了人们的信任而获取不正当的利益。

The suggestions go as follows: making a competing subject with food practice discipline and healthy running mechanism; quickening our modern enterprise system reform and making a better market economy system; normalizing government's conduct and letting the market play the leading role; on the basis of fair competition, going on enterprise merging and promoting the rationalization of the accounting market; setting up an effective supervizing system with laws and trade discipline.

本文在分析会计市场不正当竞争的现状及原因的基础上，着重论述了制止不正当竞争、推动会计市场秩序化的建议与措施：努力塑造执业行为规范、运行机制健全的竞争主体；加快现代企业制度改革，完善公平竞争的市场经济机制；切实规范政府行为，摆正政府与市场的关系；继续鼓励基于公平竞争之上的合并和重组，促进会计市场结构合理化；尽快建立国家法律和行业自律相结合的会计市场监管体系。

The Pagan religion indeed, which prohibited only some of the grosser crimes, and which stopped the hand but meddled not with the heart, might have crimes that were inexpiable; but a religion which bridles all the passions; which is not more jealous of actions than of thoughts and desires; which holds us not by a few chains but by an infinite number of threads; which, leaving human justice aside, establishes another kind of justice; which is so ordered as to lead us continually from repentance to love, and from love to repentance; which puts between the judge and the criminal a greater mediator, between the just and the mediator a great judge — a religion like this ought not to have inexpiable crimes.

事实上异教只是禁止几种重大的罪行，它们阻止人的行为却不进入人的内心，所以很可能产生不可救赎的罪行；但是一种将所有的激情都系上缰绳的宗教；它对思想和欲望的戒备如同对行为的戒备；它不是通过几条铁链来托住我们而不让我们堕落，它用的是无数的丝；它将人类自认为的正义搁置一边，建立起了另一种正义；它是如此有秩序的引导我们持续的从悔改到爱，并从爱到悔改；它在法官与犯罪者之间建立了一个更大的裁判者，在正当行为和裁判者之间建立了一个伟大的法官——这样的宗教应该就不会有不可救赎的罪了。

As a typical unfair competitive behavior, commercial bribery refers to the acts that a proprietor sells or purchases commodity by means of suborning the agent or employees of the other proprietor.

商业贿赂是一种典型的不正当竞争行为，是指经营者为销售或者购买商品而采用财物或者其他手段贿赂对方单位或者个人的行为。

And opposite, the downstream unsubstitutability's market enhancement , advantage of status of products strengthen the unsubstitutability and market advantage status. These forms of expression of limiting the competition behavior are as follows, utilize the market advantage position, set up and strengthen the barrier of the application program or operating system procedure barrier, utilize OEM to put the software and squeeze the rival in advance, discriminatory pricing policy, pairing unsalable up with goods that sell well or trussing up and sells the behavior , lures the ICP into adopting specific technology, and technology the can only in specific customer serve and function, with the way of trussing up with the ISP.The copyright ill-useing happens frequently .

软件产业中的不正当竞争行为大多都与软件著作权的滥用有关，并且通常与滥用市场优势地位结合在一起，既有横向限制竞争行为，又有纵向限制竞争行为，且以纵向限制竞争行为为主，常表现为一种产品的不可替代性、市场优势地位往往会加强其上、下游产品的不可替代性和市场优势地位，而相反，其上、下游产品的不可替代性和市场优势地位的增强又进一步强化这种产品的不可替代性和市场优势地位。

In order to evade the competitive pressure and make the maximum economic benefits, some marketers always defy laws and ethics, and adopt improper approaches to competition. The uniform action to limit competition is an illegal and unfair competitive approach most frequently adopted.

所以，为了逃避竞争的风险，同时也为了谋求经济利益最大化，总有一些生产经营者会铤而走险，置法律、道德于不顾，采取不正当手段进行竞争，而联合限制竞争行为就是其中一种最常见的不正当、不公平的竞争方式。

In China's judicative practices of the Anti-unfair Competition Law, the theory of a"general clause"has been commonly accepted by courts in confirming many types of unfair competition, which have a common characteristic, i.

我国反不正当竞争的司法实践已经普遍接受了一般条款，司法机关根据一般条款认定了多种类型的不正当竞争行为。

After that it summarizes six forms of the abuse of Administrative Discretion, which contains aviating legal purpose, illegal consideration, constant change, inappropriate delay and inappropriate steps.

然后通过对行政自由裁量权滥用的比较法分析总结了行政自由裁量权滥用的六种表现形式：背离法定目的；不合法考虑使行为结果失去准确性；任意无常；强人所难违背客观性；不正当的迟延或不作为；不正当的步骤和方式。

One effective way to prevent and hold out such defaming behavior is to set up strict legal responsibilities to be shouldered by those who defame others goodwill through legislation.

但是，由于我国的《不正当竞争法》制定之时，人们对商誉诋毁行为的认识不足，对商誉诋毁行为的法律责任的规定很不明确和完善，存在较大的缺陷，这使得预防和制止商誉诋毁行为存在很大的困难。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。