不正当利益

There are also many positive acts for the benefit of others, which he may rightfully be compelled to perform; such as, to give evidence in a court of justice; to bear his fair share in the common defence, or in any other joint work necessary to the interest of the society of which he enjoys the protection; and to perform certain acts of individual beneficence, such as saving a fellow-creature's life, or interposing to protect the defenceless against ill-usage, things which whenever it is obviously a man's duty to do, he may rightfully be made responsible to society for not doing.

还有许多积极性的对他人有益的行动，要强迫人们去做，也算是正当的：例如到一个法庭上去作证；又如在一场共同的自卫斗争当中，或者在为他所受其保护的整个社会利益所必需的任何联合工作当中，担负他的一分公平的任务；还有某些个别有益的行动，例如出力去拯救一个人的生命，挺身保护一个遭受虐待而无力自卫的人，等等。总之，凡显系一个人义务上当做的事而他不做时，就可要他对社会负责，这是正当的。

Then, the author tries to point out the limit and standard of the legitimacy of self-help.

而私力救济也只在一定情形下一定限度内才具有正当性，其边界为不损害他人合法利益和社会公益。

The second, make sure the right of privacy and power, other rights to apply the principle: Namely be principle, power towards power proceed strict system roughly, had match comparison principle (aptness principle, necessity principle with comparison principle) that when the right of privacy and power take place to conflict, can have the initiative to apply with the rights basis, and cannot breach the relevant entity method with the provision of the procedure method; When the right of privacy conflict with the other rights occurrence, on the equal foundation of rights, make use of the basic value for method for background for row preface for rights for rank principle with benefits measuring and rights moderating the principle make suring have the initiativing the suitable for use, namely advancedly act liking the right of quality with rights row preface, the former is a kind of law ruling, having the stable legal effect, the latter then having the palliation with individual, by the of the right of conflict representing of preface and worth an of scene row the freedom, justice, order with general value equal, the efficiency, benefits is one by one in order preface suit

第二，确定权力与其他权利是否侵犯隐私权的标准：即以权利本位的理念，对权力进行严格制约，只有符合比例原则(适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则)的权力才不构成侵权，并不得违反有关实体法和程序法的规定；在权利平等的基础上，利用情景排序及价值位阶原则和利益衡量及权利协调原则确定其他权利是否构成侵权，即先进行同质权利的排序和权利的背景排序，前者是一种法律规定，具有稳定的法律效力，后者则具有暂时性和个体性，按权利所代表的法的基本价值和一般价值依次序适用。一般价值的适用次序，则根据具体情况，按利益衡量、权利协调的原则确定，使个案的解决能够适当兼顾双方的利益。第三，确定隐私权的内容，采用列举式和概括式的方法对侵犯隐私权的行为予以具体化，并规定排除侵权的例外，包括正当业务行为，权利人的承诺及推定承诺行为，契约行为，自弃行为及自救行为。第四，对科学技术发展和国际政治经济变化引发的隐私权保护问题予以充分重视，以制度化、法律化解决问题。

If therefore the executive, who has the power of convoking the legislative, observing rather the true proportion, than fashion of representation, regulates, not by old custom, but true reason, the number of members, in all places that have a right to be distinctly represented, which no part of the people however incorporated can pretend to, but in proportion to the assistance which it affords to the public, it cannot be judged to have set up a new legislative, but to have restored the old and true one, and to have rectified the disorders which succession of time had insensibly, as well as inevitably introduced: For it being the interest as well as intention of the people, to have a fair and equal representative; whoever brings it nearest to that, is an undoubted friend to, and establisher of the government, and cannot miss the consent and approbation of the community; prerogative being nothing but a power, in the hands of the prince, to provide for the public good, in such cases, which depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct; whatsoever shall be done manifestly for the good of the people, and the establishing the government upon its true foundations, is, and always will be, just prerogative.

所以，如果拥有召集立法权力的执行权力，遵从真正的比例而不是代表制的表面形式，根据真正的理性而不是旧的习俗来管理所有有权利被清楚的代表的地方的代表人数，这种代表人数任何地方都不能自我宣称，而必须与它提供给公众的支持相称，这不能被认为是建立了一种新的立法权力，而是恢复了旧的和真正的立法权力，并矫正了由于时间流逝不知不觉所继承的和不可避免的引入所产生的混乱：因为既然拥有公正和平等的代表机构是人们的利益和意图所在；无论是谁使它更接近这一目标，谁便无可置疑的是这样的政府的朋友和奠基者，并不会得不到共同体的同意和许可；特殊权力也仅仅是一种权力，在取决于无法预见和不确定的事件的情况下，确定的和不可变更的法律不能安全的引导，于是君主行使它来为公众的利益服务；无论做什么，只要明显的是为人们的利益并将政府建于它真正的基础之上，是并且总是正当的特殊权力。

Peasants who suffered unreasonable deprivation would allege even exaggerate irrationality of the treatment in order to endow legitimacy with his incompliance. And if this treatment had no validity, he may also threat prosecuting or finally indicting his antagonist ,this means will give him great courage in the game. The effect of this strategy also lies on the type of the antagonist. Whether he takes law as a weapon or not in the dispute is decided by cost calculation of this means.

另一方面，被不合理但合法剥夺的农民，会想尽办法先避开利益剥夺的合法性，之后宣称甚至夸大这种利益剥夺的不合理性，从而为自己的不顺从行为创造正当性，这种行动策略最常见于官民纠纷当中，因此它的效果就与基层干部的&摆平&能力相关；如果是不合理且不合法的利益剥夺，那么除了宣传、夸大不合理性外，他还会以诉讼相威胁或者诉讼的方式来维护自己的利益，将追求合理性与追求合法性两者统一起来，这种抗争策略的效果同样与抗争对象的层次有关。

But in practice,for abusing this principle,thereout lead the phenomenon of damaging the interests of small stockholders to be happened frequently and the investment passion of small stockholders is contused.

资本多数决原则在公司议事中的正当运用，能有力地保障公司经营决策的高效运行，但实践中，不泛对该原则的滥用，由此导致损害小股东利益的现象频发，挫伤了小股东的投资热情。

It is a process to determine and affirm the interest of sue and to guard substantively the reasonable society benefit .The process of litigation generating substantive law is countervailed by Constitution, fundamental concept of society and law occupation community and so on.

不过诉讼生成实体法规范不是恣意的过程，它是应然意义上的诉的利益被实际确定的过程是诉讼生成实体法规范的过程，是正当社会利益予以实体法规范保护的过程。

The competitors adopt kinds of competitive actions for the most interest and gain the market position with the more and more intenser market competitions.

随着日渐激烈的市场竞争，竞争者为了谋取最大利益，取得市场优势，便采取各种不正当竞争行为。

In the past, some construction companies use deception "drive piles Party of the First Part" to make some developers in order to reduce investment, would not hesitate to sacrifice quality for price, forcing construction enterprises at below cost prices into the construction business then had to jerry-building, the use of counterfeit building materials, and other improper means to ensure their profits, resulting in a "bean curd residue" works, and the ultimate victims are the ordinary people and the long-term interests of developers.

过去，有的施工企业用欺骗手段&夯甲方&以牟取暴利，有的发展商为了减少投资，不惜以牺牲工程质量为代价，迫使施工企业以低于成本的价格就范，施工企业于是不得不以偷工减料、使用假冒伪劣的建材等不正当手段来确保自己的利润，从而导致了&豆腐渣&工程，而最终受害的是老百姓和发展商长远的利益。

Whoever fails in the consideration generally due to the interests and feelings of others, not being compelled by some more imperative duty, or justified by allowable self-preference, is a subject of moral disapprobation for that failure, but not for the cause of it, nor for the errors, merely personal to himself, which may have remotely led to it.

凡人若既非迫于某些更具必要性的义务，又在自己择取方面并无说得过去的正当理由，而竟失于对他人的利益和情感给以它们一般应当得到的考虑，他就成为道德不谅的对象；但这是为了有失考虑那一点，而不是为了所以有失考虑的原因，更不是为了某些只关本人自身、可能引为遥远导因的过失。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。