不正当

The object ofbribery is defmed as the administradve personnel of companies or enterprises.The briber must have a subjective intent to eommit bribery for the purpose of obtaining illegal interests and objectively,the bribery is characteristic of exchanges of money and power between the briber and bribee.

本罪中行贿的对象只能是国家工作人员范围以外的公司、企业中从事管理事务的工作人员，在主观上，行为人明知自己的行贿对象为有一定职务或权力的工作人员，为了谋取不正当利益而进行行贿；在客观方面，行为人与公司、企业人员达成钱权交易，即用钱财换取不正当利益，且给予财物数额较大。

The reporter learns from court of people of division of Beijing rising sun today, the runs limited company of IT of the Baba in square Beijing A behavior with Gelinhaotai and Yahoo net makes orange public house for unfair competition, tell two companies the court, the requirement suspends unfair competition action, at the same time loss of claim for compensation more than yuan 100 thousand.

记者今天从北京市朝阳区人民法院获悉，桔子酒店以格林豪泰与雅虎网的经营方北京阿里巴巴信息技术有限公司的行为构成不正当竞争为由，将两公司告上法庭，要求停止不正当竞争行为，同时索赔损失10万余元。

The 19 articles in the Interpretation relate to Articles 5, 9, 10 and 14, which provide determination of illegitimate act of unfair competition, for example, passing off, false promotion, misappropriation of trade secrets and denigration of competitors, application of civil liability and relevant litigation procedure.

该解释共十九条，涉及反不正当竞争法第五条、第九条、第十条、第十四条规定的仿冒、虚假宣传、侵犯商业秘密和商业诋毁等不正当竞争行为的认定、民事法律责任的适用和相关诉讼程序问题。

At present under the socialist market economy condition, completes the enterprise staff thought political work the key is the Central Party Committee 17 big spirits in every sense of the term implementations basic unit Since the specially reform and open policy, has had many head of undertaking, deceives both superiors and subordinates works for one's own interests under the guise of working for the public, thought the present does not have the movement, in the waist the animal pen axe, the fan which in the hand takes, often on greatly sends the arms, teaches whips the staff, often on to the authority coerces the staff, simply not staff when the person looked, the wages casually decides, bully softly, is hard feared, pays out the wages not to have the pay list, wants to give how many to give how many, Sunday does not let the staff rest, does not pay adds the spot to spend If you offer an opinion to him, regards you is the thorn in one's side, the thorn in the side, does everything possible to carry on retaliates you, and direct descendant wilfully tolerates using the hand in authority to oneself, to give the green light to something, to holds the different political view greatly to open killing They use in the hand two "magic weapon" to benefit as the third party in a dispute, deceive both superiors and subordinates flatter the higher authority, exploits power, violates the country head of undertaking the cadre relative about to forbid in this enterprise to be engaged in production management the stipulation Also uses in the hand the authority private full center pouch, is greedy, does everything possible to concoct pretexts makes the forged account, high keeps off the office supplies with the government money purchase modern age to converge the oneself to have, makes the forged account to reimburse the beach person cost, digs national the corner of a wall Then receives using the duty gives the sales commission,包产 outside the package exits the enterprise outside, fishes for the wealth, even allies the annual bonus, violates the country and the enterprise stipulated, then 参股using the duty manages the enterprise But greatly gives the discount in the staff benefit treatment aspect, in 工资分 is joined to greatly makes the issue, drills the national policy spatial, borrows the wage reform is the excuse, seeks the benefit for own clique, borrows the work then to provide the special sedan car for the enterprise basic unit leadership, all expenses completely are responsible by the unit, to become not to pay the solid private sedan car The party and the country stressed repeatedly that, strictly prohibits the leading cadre to exploit power, but such stipulation into head of undertaking cadre's neglected advice, really it may be said in has the policy, gets down has the countermeasure If the country does not carry on effective supervising and managing to the enterprise, does not carry on the strengthened management, gets down for a long time, they can depend on right and not the improper income become the millionaires and surely the wealthy man, the state asset can massively drain, but government's policy can become a mere scrap of paper, loses it in common people's prestige Let these clothes eating insects embezzle national the property, thus causes the enterprise to move towards goes out of business, such example is too numerous to cite individually The working class is the national master, such formulation until now is does not have the question, but present working class's actual condition how?

目前在社会主义市场经济条件下，做好企业职工思想政治工作的关键是把党中央十七大精神不折不扣的贯彻到基层。特别是改革开放以来，有不少的企业领导，欺上瞒下假公济私，认为现在没有运动，腰里苄着斧子，手里拿的扇子，动不动就大发干戈，训策职工，动不动就以权力要挟职工，简直不把职工当人看，工资随便定，欺出软，硬出怕，发工资没有工资单，想给多少给多少，星期天不让职工休息，不付加斑费。如果你给他提意见，就视你为眼中钉，肉中刺，想方设法进行报复你，利用手中的权力对自己和嫡系任意纵容，大开绿灯，对持不同政见者大开杀界。他们用手中的两件"法宝"渔翁得利，欺上瞒下讨好上级，以权谋私，违反国家关于企业领导干部亲属禁止在本企业从事生产经营活动的规定。还利用手中的权力私饱中囊，多吃多占，想方设法巧立名目做假帐，用公款购买现代高挡办公用品归为己有，做假帐报销滩人成本，挖国家的墙角。利用职务之便收授回扣，把企业外包产品外包出去，从中捞取钱财，甚至加盟人股，违反国家和企业规定，利用职务之便参股办企业。而在职工福利待遇方面大打折扣，在工资分配上大做文章，钻国家政策的空，借工资改革为借口，为自己的小集团谋利益，借工作之便为企业基层的领导配备专门的小轿车，一切费用全部由单位负责，成为名不付实的私家小轿车。党和国家一再强调，严禁领导干部以权谋私，而这样的规定成为企业领导干部的耳旁风，真可谓上上有政策，下有对策。如果国家对企业不进行有效监管，不进行强化管理，长期下去，他们会靠正当和不正当的收入成为百万富翁和千万富翁，国有资产就会大量流失，而政府的政策就会成为一纸空文，失去其在老百姓中的信誉。让那些蛀虫侵吞国家的财产，从而使企业走向倒闭，这样的例子不胜枚举。工人阶级是国家的主人，这样的提法至今是没有问题的，可是现在的工人阶级的实际状况又如何呢？

In order to evade the competitive pressure and make the maximum economic benefits, some marketers always defy laws and ethics, and adopt improper approaches to competition. The uniform action to limit competition is an illegal and unfair competitive approach most frequently adopted.

所以，为了逃避竞争的风险，同时也为了谋求经济利益最大化，总有一些生产经营者会铤而走险，置法律、道德于不顾，采取不正当手段进行竞争，而联合限制竞争行为就是其中一种最常见的不正当、不公平的竞争方式。

Finally, according to the two aspects of the certain requirements and judicial practice of didymous crimes of giving a bribe and accepting a bribe, the author puts forward that the restructure of Chinese criminal policy on crime of givinga bribe should be realized from "severe criminal law but incomplete definitions" to "complete definitions but not severe criminal law".

其次从&不正当&、&法律、法规、国家政策和国务院各部门规章&、&不确定利益&和目前对&不正当利益&的界定面临的困惑等角度，阐述了对&两高&司法解释中关于&谋取不正当利益&规定的理解和认识，以便于司法实践中的运用，同时论述了&不正当利益&在理论上存在的问题和给司法实践造成的混乱。

The author explains his understanding and determination on irregular profit, his meditation on seeking irregular profit in the crime of mediatory accepting bribes, and determination on the formed convenient condition by exploiting one"s office of status, the retiring state personnel"s formed convenient condition by exploiting his office of status ,omer state personnels official acts and responsibility etc .

全文共分为三章，内容包括斡旋受贿犯罪的客体，不正当利益、利用职权或地位形成的便利条件，阐述了不正当利益的理解与认定，&谋取不正当利益&在斡旋受贿犯罪中的定位思考，以及利用职权或地位形成的便利条件的理解、认定，离退休国家工作人员利用职务或地位形成的便利条件的认定，其他国家工作人员的职务行为及责任认定等方面。

维持原判,Tindal CJ 提出了三条界定方式,沿用至今:"To establish a defence on the ground of insanity it must be clearly proved that, at the time of the committing of the act the party accused was labouring under such a defect of reason, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, or if he did know it, that he did not know he was doing what was wrong".

意为：犯罪之时，出于精神上的疾病；不了解所做之事的本质是何；不理解所做之事是不正当的。这其中第一条是必要条件，第二与第三条满足之一即可）。庭上要有人指认他的精神病史，并精神病学专家出庭作证。个人认为，这给法律的公正性加了许多水分。能够指认精神病史的，必定是熟识被告的亲朋好友，证据真实性有待查究。其次对于专家证据，一些权威总比另一些权威更具权威性，而法律是基于伦理道德以及常识的决断，不该被引入攀比权威的歧途。此外我个人认为，任何犯罪，小到行窃大到杀人放火，都是人类不正当的心理因素引发的过激的生理行为。我们怎么能为其中的一些人，由于他们的心理太过不正当，而对他们的生理行为从轻处决？物极而反么？即便如此，这条界线又该划在哪里才是合理的呢？

After that it summarizes six forms of the abuse of Administrative Discretion, which contains aviating legal purpose, illegal consideration, constant change, inappropriate delay and inappropriate steps.

然后通过对行政自由裁量权滥用的比较法分析总结了行政自由裁量权滥用的六种表现形式：背离法定目的；不合法考虑使行为结果失去准确性；任意无常；强人所难违背客观性；不正当的迟延或不作为；不正当的步骤和方式。

III.2 Plagiarism, misquoting, taking undue credit, or othermisappropriation of the work of others. This also includes the

对他人工作的剽窃，不正确引用，从中获取不正当名利和其它不正当

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。