不易发现的

Researcher who held the post of the media literacy lecture for the past three years, discover through the interaction with the teacher who join the seminar or the teaching team who need the counseling, it's not easily to implement media literacy in the school, lay in the teacher to be insufficient regarding the media elementary knowledge, causes to be unable independently to design the teaching activity, however in the market although had few publications to be allowed to instruct the media literacy teaching, but in the teaching activity often needed to use the massive media model, those had to collect by the teacher voluntarily, moreover most of these curricula taken the independent teaching, didn't intergrade and coordinated with the existing curriculum, therefore could have the problem in the teaching time.

研究者以三年来担任媒体素养研习讲师，与参加研习的教师和寻求辅导的教学团队互动的经验中发现，不易在教学现场实践媒体素养教育的原因，在於教师个人对於媒体的知识基模不足，以致於无法自行设计教学活动，而坊间虽有极少数的出版品指导媒体素养教学，但教学活动中往往需要用到大量媒体范例，必须靠教师自行搜集，而且这些课程多采独立教学，并非配合现有学科进行融入教学，所以会有教学时间的困难。

When American Pop art met the Chinese modernism in that very context, a certain mystery was produced: Pop art was readily understood as a Dadaist destructive art, while its cultural deconstructive property seemed to be ignored. By the early 1990s, due to the political reason, China had undergone its rapid social and cultural transition from Enlightenment era to consumerist era, while artists, who were still in despair because of the failure of cultural Enlightenment movement, found themselves confronted with a completely new economic market and their ideas mingled with those of modernist Enlightenment and post-modern deconstruction.

它以风格上挪用、平面化、去意义、去价值这类语言策略解构和消除现代主义的启蒙神话，成为与后现代主义哲学同构的文化思潮。80年代初沃霍尔访华，尤其是1985年劳申伯在北京和拉萨举办个展开始了美国波普主义在中国的传播，而这时正值中国85现代主义运动的高潮，启蒙和反叛是这一运动的主题，正是这种语境使这种传播产生了十分吊诡的意义落差：波普主义很轻易地被理解为一种达达式的破坏性艺术，而它的文化解构主义色彩反倒不易被体会。90年代初中国社会由于政治的原因急促地完成了由启蒙文化向消费文化的转型，艺术家们还沉迷在文化启蒙运动失败的悲壮气氛中却突然发现自己已深陷在一个一完全陌生的经济世界中，理想的失落和批判身份的丧失使他们的思想开始混杂于现代主义的启蒙建设和后现代主义的解构观念之间，于是，波普主义成为这个时代的一种自然的风格选择。

The result revealed that 1 From the cultural point of view, the tension between Tayal culture's "speech-based representation system" and Chinese culture's "character-based representation system" cause Tayal students difficulties carry out the transformation of representations. 2 Tension formed between Tayal students'"wholeness and conferring of meaning" thinking framework, and "partialness" presented in teaching material and teaching activities, is unfavorable for their understanding of mathematical concepts. 3 Tension is formed between Tayal culture's "open ended discussion" style and "close ended discussion" style in mathematics class, which lowered the opportunity for Tayal students to communicate mathematical knowledge.

研究结果发现：从文化的角度来看，泰雅文化的「言说表徵系统」与汉文化的「文字表徵系统」之间的张力，导致泰雅学生不易进行数学表徵的转换；泰雅学生「整体观及意义赋予」的思考方式与教材或教学方式所呈现的「部分观」所形成的张力，不利於泰雅学生理解数学概念；泰雅文化的「开放式对谈模式」与数学教室的「封闭式对谈模式」所形成的张力，减低了泰雅学生沟通数学知识的机会。

The faciform ligament is an important sign of laparoscopic liver surgery and a way of collateral circulation of liver. The superior liver artery found and named in this research can be an important sign to judge the position of hepatic vein. The operation pathway by cutting down the perihepatic ligament next to the superior border of liver is a quick way with little blood. It is difficult to hurt diaphragm and hepatic vein, and the secundum porta hepatic can be showed clearly. As a rule, we break the hepatic vein in the hepatic parenchyma on laparoscopic hepatectomy. But in some situation, extrahepatic treatment was used.

镰状韧带是腹腔镜肝脏外科入路的重要标志，是肝脏侧枝循环的重要途径；本文所发现并命名的肝上动脉可以作为判定肝静脉位置的重要标志；紧贴肝上缘打开肝周韧带，不易损伤膈肌和肝静脉，出血少、速度快，可以使第二肝门获得良好的手术显露；腹腔镜肝切除时一般在肝实质内切断肝静脉，在个别情况也可以预先在第二肝门结扎切断肝静脉。

During the study period, we found that plants were present only in natural creek banks, but not altered ones. Comparisons between natural banks without plants and altered banks revealed no significant difference in both shrimp abundance and distribution. However, there was significant difference in shrimp abundance when natural banks with plants and altered banks were compared, suggesting that construction might have negative effects on plants and, in turm, on shrimp abudance. Comparisons between reproductive and non-reproductive season yielded significant results in both shrimp abundance and distribution, which resulted from the recruitment of juveniles to local populations.

在实验期间，自然河段有水蕴草而整治河段没有水蕴草的存在，比较无水蕴草的自然河段与整治河段，发现无论是数量或出现率都没有显著差异，然而，在有水蕴草存在的自然河段之多齿新米虾数量与出现率则较整治河段高，显示哈盆溪可能因为整治工程影响了底质的型态，导致水蕴草不易生长，进而影响多齿新米虾的数量及出现率；在季节方面，结果显示，不同季节在数量和出现率上都有显著差异，而此差异是因为幼虾在生殖季大量加入族群所致。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。