不断的变化

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

On the basis of referring to preceding relevant achievements and exploring the entirestate of the occurrence and development of the RMA,the dissertation focuses on theRMA's origin,essence and mechanism.Then,it draws some conclusions:(1)Far fromoccasionally,the RMA has specific interior factors and external conditions.As a resultof the demand for international political and military struggle and the advancement inscience and technology,the RMA conforms to the trend of the times.(2)As far as itsessence is concerned,the RMA is such a process,during which all countries reformmilitary system wholly in order to realize its informatization,integration andintelligentization after information and knowledge have become dominant factors ofmilitary strength owing to extensive application of high technology around informationtechnology in the military field.(3)During the extensive and thorough reformation in thewhole world,all factors vary sooner or later and affect one another,and promote theevolution of the military system to make the transition from mechanized form tointelligentized one.

论文充分借鉴、吸收前人的有关研究成果，在分析、考察世界新军事革命发生、发展的总体状况的基础上，由具体到抽象，重点探讨了新军事革命的发生动因、本质特征和运行机制，认为：新军事革命的发生与发展不是偶然的，而有其特定的内在动因和外部条件，它既是时代发展变化的客观要求，也是国际政治军事斗争需要与科学技术进步共同推动的结果；这场军事革命的实质，是在以信息技术为核心的高新技术广泛应用于军事领域，信息与知识日益成为军事力量的主导性要素的新条件下，世界各国根据系统原则对军事领域进行变革，努力促使整个军事系统实现信息化、知识化、一体化，进而形成全新的智能化军事形态的过程；新军事革命具体表现为广泛而深入的军事改革，在其发生与发展的过程中，军事诸要素先后变革并相互影响、相互作用，推动整个军事系统不断演进，逐步实现机械化军事形态向智能化军事形态的过渡，最终确立全新的智能化军事形态。

You will understand what I mean by COMPLEXITYby noting these three aspects. Firstly, it refers tothe complexity in form. When CAD becameinvolved in the design process Architect's wereenabled with a higher level of control over evermore complex geometry. Consequently it canand will generate infinite possibilities in the futurefor form finding, which has shifted in emphasis asa more logical design process based onsystematic theories away from intuitive designtechniques. Secondly, it illustrates our growingsocial complexity. As technologies allow peopleto send and receive more information than before,in ever shorter time frames, the function ofarchitecture and urban space will increasinglybecoming ambiguous. Emergent, adaptive andtransformable spaces are replacing limitedfunction spaces gradually. Even a single spacewould afford more potential functions. Lastly, Iam referring to the complexity of collective design team organizations working on different projects.The fact is that our social work division is moreintricate and variegated today; Architects mustby necessity negotiate with governmentalauthorities, material suppliers, engineeringconsultants, quantity surveyor, contractors,planning authorities, landscape architects, interiordesigners, acoustical engineers, et cetera besidesjust our clients. Meanwhile, projects and designteams tend now to be a globally dispersednetwork. All of these things are challenging theconventional architectural practice, it'sorganization, and administration significantly.

Complex可以从3个层面上理解：首先是指设计形式上的复杂性，即引入计算机数字化技术后，建筑师可以设计和控制更高级、更复杂的几何形体，而不是简单地发挥计算机复制、粘贴的画图优势，让计算机真正参与到设计过程中，带来更多设计形式上的可能性（需要指出的是，这种形式上的演进已经从开始的直觉行为转成由系统理论指导的理性应用）；第二，是指与社会学相关的复杂性，科技让人们更多更快地接受和传递信息，建筑和城市空间的功能性变得越来越模糊，无法预知，随时间调整自身、不断变化的空间正在不自觉地逐步取代原有功能确定的传统空间，或者说一个空间要承受比以前晰释复杂性ARTICULATING COMPLEXITY多得多的功能要求；最后，是指在一个建筑方案内团队组织的复杂性，社会分工越来越详尽，建筑师要面对的除了甲方和使用者，还有政府权力部门、材料供应商、工程技术部门、合同签约顾问、城市规划部门、景观设计师、室内设计师、音响设计师等等相关的合作单位，同时，在项目和设计职员的地域分布上更趋向全球化，这些都带给建筑事务所内部管理和组织上前所未有的复杂性。

The attention of Yin Chaohui in 2008 is not only gradually extended from the expression of "hands" to that of "skin", in his pictures he intentionally added expressions of the texture of "skin", but also, corresponding to the texture of "skin", added details of "spots","wounds","scabs","naevi" and so on in a way of adding inflammatory details, which undoubtedly compose the detailed description of Yin Chaohui to "expressions" of "skin", moreover, Yin Chaohui continuously combined the expression of "hands" with "face" and "body" and hence explored more abundant and changeable picture vocabulary and more capacious space of expression.

2008年尹朝辉创作的关注点，不仅从对&手&的表情逐渐延伸到对&皮肤&的表情，他在画面中有意识地增添了对&皮肤&的质感的表达，并对应于&皮肤&的质感而&添油加醋&般地去添加了那些皮肤上的&斑点&、&伤口&、&结痂&、&痦子&等细节，这些无疑都构成了尹朝辉对于&皮肤&的&表情&的细致化描述，而且尹朝辉还不断将&手&的表情和&脸&、&肢体&结合起来，拓展出了更为丰富变化的画面语汇和更大的表达空间。

The complexity of bodywork decides variety of it's error. The station and primary factor which cause error is inconstant change and using correlation analysis can find out the primary factor. With an project given, the theory of correlation analysis for dimension variation of bodywork is discussed through correlation analysis and the layer structure of the bodywork,the state in which the error happened can be found out. How to use eigenva...

车体装焊的复杂性决定了误差产生的多因素性，车体制造过程中产生误差的工位和主要因素是不断变化的，采用相关性分析方法从众多的误差根源中准确地发现最主要的误差源；结合工程实践，论述了车体尺寸波动的相关性分析方法的原理，根据测量点的相关性分析和车体焊接工艺的层次结构，可准确地找到产生车体尺寸误差的工位；讨论了如何利用相关系数矩阵的特征值和相应的特征向量判断尺寸波动的模式，指出测量数据的波动主要按最大特征值所对应的特征向量方式波动，引起这种波动的原因是车体误差产生的主要原因，应重点采取措施加以控制；提出了应用计算机进行相关性分析的解决方案。

The nature-human relationship is one of the main contents in contemporary geo-science. As the changing of the relationship, the research on this proposition hasn't been settled. But every discussion has benefited the development of geo-science, whose object is on human and nature. And above all, it has influenced the research direction of geo-science.

地理与人类社会的关系在当代仍然是地学基础理论研究的核心内容之一，而且由于人与环境关系的不断变化，对这一论题的研究至今也没有得到彻底解决，但每一次认识的深入，都有利于以人类和自然界为研究对象的地学的发展，并且这种认识直接影响着地学的研究方向。

He takes the point that all kinds of laughter are attribute to mechanization because of people's absentmindedness,but the"mechanization" is contrary to "the changing stream of life",which represents the effect of"something mechanical encrusted on the living",that is cosmic effect.

1(p.2)他把一切可笑的滑稽都归结为人类的&心不在焉&而导致事物所走向的机械化。他认为，人类社会是&不断变化的生命之流&，是不应该有机械的东西搀合在里面。所以，一旦心不在焉就会产生&镶嵌在活的东西上面的机械的东西&[1](p.25)的效果。

In this paper, we selected 4different sites around the Jiaozhou Bay to monitor the environmental quaIity: Hongdao, Shuangbu,Tuandao and Huiquan Jiao. Hongdao is a typical fishery village, Shuangbu is an area with heavyindusny and densely population; Huiquan Jiao is a tourism point, Tuandao is an area with factories,transportation and tourism.Instrumental neut...

结果表明，蛤仔对大多数元素的富集作用最强，是胶州湾典型的指示生物；双埠蛤仔体内的As和Cr的含量已超出食品卫生标准；团岛贻贝体内的Cd、Cu和Zn的含量已超出食品卫生标准和一般底栖生物的最高允许浓度，说明胶州湾不同区域已有了不同程度的重金属污染，且年际变化较为明显，重金属污染程度在不断加剧。

How is collective action brought about? This perennial question has been approached from different angles. Structuralists insist that structure is the source of collective action, that structure gives rise to ideology which in turn determines collective action. Utilitarians maintain that only the community with shared benefits can engender collective action, and rational individuals may throw collective action into predicament. Constructionists are of the opinion that people act on the basis of the meanings derived from social construction, and that social mobilization is needed for such collective action.

结构主义者认为结构才是集体行动的本源，结构决定了意识形态从而也决定了集体行动；功利主义认为有着共同利益的群体成员才有集体行动的可能，但个人理性会令集体行动陷入困境；而建构主义则认为人们是依据意义的社会建构来采取行动的，但集体行动所需的共同意识、资源、成员都需要组织者积极动员，除了群体的意义建构在影响集体行动，行动者的理性也仍然在考察不断变化的周围世界的基础上参与行动抉择。

With sea level rise,the partial tide amplitude will be increased,but diminish in some part area;meanwhle tide counting position of partial tide moves unceasingly to southeast direction;Tide amplitude change causing by sea level rising can be taken the Lvsi port as the boundary,to the north,partial tide amplitude enhances unceasingly,and to south it diminishes,especially in destroyed Yellow river it has less enhancement;The region where has the largest increasing partial teide amplitude also the palce which has the quickest erosion rate.sea level rising has a good relation with the beach erosion.

2海平面上升后分潮的振幅将随之而变大，但在部分区域，分潮振幅随着海平面上升而减小；无潮点相对于现有的无潮点位置均向东南方向偏移；海平面上升导致的潮差变化，大致以吕四为界，以北随着海平面上升，分潮的振幅不断增大，以南振幅减小，其中在废黄河口附近的增幅也相对较小；潮差增大幅度最大的地区刚好是岸滩侵蚀最快的地区，海平面上升与岸滩侵蚀存在很好的对应关系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。