不接触的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

The results show as follows: Due to unfitting between the wheel tread and profile of Frog No. 9, two-point contact occurs between the wheelset and frog and the contact patches become narrow and long; the Von Mises stress and contact force in the area of the contact patch between the tread close to the flange and the frog are so great that they go far beyond the yielding limit and enter the plastic deformation stage; this will lead to serious wearing of wheelset treads and frogs.

结果表明，由于车轮踏面与9号辙叉的型面不配合，轮对与辙叉形成两点接触，且接触斑狭长，靠近轮缘处踏面和辙叉接触斑的应力及接触力非常大，其数值远远超过材料的屈服极限，进入塑性变形阶段，这将导致车轮踏面与辙叉的磨耗严重。

The bane argues to know data Endanger an effect healthily:NONE The environment influence:NONE The physics and chemistry bane:NONE Special bane:The AZO-FREE passes the ICP method analysis test to have no related of lead over 100 ppms, Ge over 5 ppms 9.5 a fires and the explosion danger The order:Obsolescent Combustible extreme limit(the air lie quality:Vol%):non-combustible product Apply to extinguish fire:The water,water sprays fog,carbon dioxide,the stem powder to extinguish fire a ,foam to extinguish fire The special sex protection equipments of the fire fighter:Need to go together with to take the goggle and anti-virus mask Very the rules a fire and the explosion danger:When the temperature hoick, the product meeting because of hot bulge cold but cause to open 9.6 Respond sex Stability:Under the normal regulations condition stability Environment should avert from:The water immerse,affect by damp and cold,clear fire perhaps the temperature is high in 500 ℃s Incompatibility:Have no Dangerous of decline a solution an outcome:Have no Dangerous polymer reaction:Will not take place 9.7 health dangers Dangerous way:Inhale, take, the skin and eyes get in touch with solid perhaps dust-The physics contact may result in allergic sex respond.

危害辩识资料健康危害效应：NONE 环境影响：NONE 物理性及化学性危害：NONE 特殊危害：AZO-FREE 通过ICP方法分析测试无相关之铅超过100ppm，镉超过5ppm 9.5火灾和爆炸危险闪点：不适用可燃极限：不燃物品适用灭火剂：水、水喷雾、二氧化碳、干粉灭火剂、泡沫灭火剂消防人员之特别性防护设备：需配带护目镜和防毒面具非常规火灾和爆炸危险：当温度急剧上升时，产品会由于热胀冷缩而导致开裂 9.6 反应性稳定性：在常规条件下稳定应避开的环境：水浸、受潮、明火或者温度高于500℃不相容性：无危险的降解产物：无危险的聚合物反应：不会发生 9.7健康危险危险方式：吸入，摄取，皮肤和眼睛接触固体或者灰尘----物理接触可能造成过敏性反应。

Main job is to guarantee the scraping interaction and equipment on both sides of the friction surface or can obtain higher precision and accuracy, precision and shape accuracy, precision and contact transmission because of good lubrication, manual and repeatedly is worthy, large amounts of wind, time-consuming, scraping the time needed for different devices vary, such as boring slider and slide block wind profiling, between the match before measuring clearance between the original value, and then according to the technical requirement to measure the value of time and scraping scraping, then apply DanFen red on the slider, manual let slip on the slide seat back and forth, they do straight-line movement between full contact and friction, reoccupy scraper scraping friction creates the contact point, so repeatedly, until the technical requirements for the match, single within 2 days, must blow to the boring if all the time to work with wind, a half month is required.

刮削过程。刮削工作主要是为了保证设备相互接触并摩擦的两面间能获得较高的尺寸精度、形状精度、位置精度、接触精度、传动精度和良好的润滑，因是手工操作且需反复配刮，故工作量大，耗时较长，设备不同，刮削所需时间也各不相同，例如镗床上滑座与下滑座间的配刮，刮削前先测量出二者之间原有的间隙值，然后根据工艺要求测算出需刮削值及每次的刮削量，再将红丹粉涂于上滑座之上，手工让上滑座在下滑座上来回做直线运动，使它们之间充分接触和摩擦，再用刮刀刮削摩擦产生出的接触点，如此反复多次，直至技术要求范围之内，单此项配刮需2天左右，若对于整个镗床所有配刮工作的时间总和，则需半个月左右。

A wireless terminal (30) including a smart card application host (34), such as a contact smart card or the terminal MCU or a terminal security component, and including a terminal interface (32), and also including a smart card router (33) that enables RF communication with a contactless card reader (35) in for example a ticketing system (31), even though the smart card application host (34) does not contain a contactless interface.

无线终端(30)包括智能卡应用主机(34)，例如接触式智能卡或者终端MCU或者终端安全组件，并且包括终端接口(32)，以及还包括智能卡路由器(33)，该智能卡路由器使能与例如票务系统(31)中的无接触式读卡机(35)的RF通信，尽管智能卡应用主机(34)不包含无接触式接口。

A model to describe the motion of contact line and dynamic contact angle on rough solid surfaces was proposed.

提出一个粗糙表面上移动接触线和动态接触角的数理模型：毛细数较低时表观接触线前缘存在极薄的前驱膜，表观接触线在"湿"固体表面上移动，不同于传统模型中认为表观接触线在"干"固体表面上移动。

Then the weak formulation of the control equations considering the contact constraint conditions has been developed. Combined the Lagrange multiplier and penalty function methods, the augmented Lagrangian method is used to treat the contact constraint and solved the non-linear and non-smooth problems of the mechanical response perfectly. A finite element model has been applied for the test project of the reinforced slope and to study the mechanism of the interaction of the soil and reinforced material.

本文在Lagrangian网格的控制方程中引入接触界面条件，并采用了经典的Coulomb摩擦模型作为界面切向面力的本构模型，继而发展了考虑接触约束条件的控制方程的弱形式；在求解方法上，综合了Lagrange乘子法与罚方法的优点，采用增广的Lagrangian方法处理接触界面约束，很好地解决了接触问题中的高度非线性和响应不平滑性。

A valve of cleanable design capable of maintaining unfavourable conditions for microbial activity on the downstream side and/or outlet of the valve, said valve comprising: A smooth and contoured body ( 5 ) with an integral upstream connector ( 1 ), downstream connector and defined fluid flow path; a flexible sealing membrane ( 9 ) being: selectively moveable into contact with the valve body to close the valve; selectively moveable out of contact with the valve body to open the valve; selectively operable to a range of positions to vary the flow rate of fluid through said valve; a defined internal shape that allows the fluid to drain out of the valve body; an elongated heater ( 7 ) secured into the valve body in a location so as not to be contact with the fluid or disrupt the internal smooth and contoured body, the heater being operative to heat the valve body to a predetermined temperature.

一种清洁设计阀，它能够在阀的下游侧和/或出口维持微生物活动的不利条件，所述的阀包括：一个平滑仿形主体(5)，它具有整体式的上游连接器(1)、下游连接器和确定的流体流动路径；一个柔性密封膜(9)，所述的密封膜：可以选择性地移动以便与所述阀体接触，从而闭合所述的阀；可以选择性地移动以便不与所述阀体接触，从而打开所述的阀；可以选择性地操作到一定范围的位置以改变通过所述阀的流体的流速；一个确定的内部形状，所述的内部形状允许流体从所述的阀体上排出来；一个细长的加热器(7)，它固定在所述阀体内的一个位置，以使加热器不与流体接触，或者说加热器不扰动内部平滑的仿形体，所述的加热器可以操作以加热阀体到预先确定的温度。

3 A fuseholder or circuit breaker provided as a part of an appliance shall be acceptable for the particular application and shall not be accessible from the outside of the appliance without opening a door or cover, except that the operating handle of a circuit breaker may project outside of the enclosure. A fuseholder shall be so installed that no uninsulated live parts other than the screw shell or clips of the fuseholder are exposed to contact by a person removing or replacing a fuse.

18.3保险盒或电路断路器作为电器的一个零件可被特殊电器所接受，并在电器上的门或盖未打开的情况下，除了电路断路器的操作手柄伸出了外壳，都不能接触到保险盒或电路断路器，保险盒装好，若更换或取走保险时，除了螺钉盖及保险夹可同人体接触之外，不能有其它的导电活动件裸露同人体接触。

Single factor experiments were done with the factors including the width of protrusion and the trolley's velocity, which showed that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the width of protrusion increasing, and doesn't change with the trolley's velocity changing, which was consistent with the results of the orthogonal experiment. A theoretical model of the horizontal projection of a corrugated bionic surface's contact area was built, which showed that the contact area's horizontal projection decreases with width and interval increasing respectively and that the ratio of the contact area's horizontal projection and the vertical load decreases with the vertical load increasing. It indicated that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the above three factors increasing respectively. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a plate and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that the plate frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with vertical surface pressure and that trolley's pull and vertical displacement of bionic surface's control pilot keep constant almost during the plate being pulled. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a corrugated bionic surface and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that surface frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with bionic surface's structural parameters and vertical pressure increasing. However, the three factors all didn't affect the surface frictional coefficient remarkably on the condition of 90% dependability. For the first time, bionic surfaces were applied to screw piles, which formed bionic screw piles, and the contrast experiments showed the bionic screw pile had certain resistance-decreasing effects.

建立了波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的接触面积的水平投影的理论模型，表明接触面积的水平投影A随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距的增大而减小，接触面积的水平投影与波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷之比随着波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，进而得出仿生曲面摩擦系数随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；利用ANSYS软件对平板与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明平板摩擦系数与土壤弹性模量关系不大，而随着表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；平板牵引过程中台车牵引力和仿生曲面控制节点垂直方向位移基本保持不变；利用ANSYS软件对波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明波纹型仿生曲面系数在一定范围内基本不受土壤弹性模量的影响，随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，但在可信度为90％的前提下，三个因素影响都不显著；首次将波纹型仿生曲面应用于与土壤作用方式以挤压为主的螺旋桩，形成仿生螺旋桩，并与普通螺旋桩进行了沉桩对比试验，表明波纹型仿生曲面应用于螺旋桩桩体表面具有明显的降阻作用。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。