不接触的

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Methods:54 workers exposed to styrene were selected as exposure group,25 workers unexposed as control group were similar like workers exposed styrene in age and sex.

选择接触苯乙烯工人54人为接触组，选择年龄、性别构成与接触组相似的不接触遗传毒物的工人25人为对照组。

These include keeping gloved and ungloved hands that are contaminated from touching the mouth, nose, eyes, or face; and positioning patients to direct sprays and splatter away from the face of the caregiver.

这些包括保持护理者因触碰口腔、鼻子或脸以及安置患者时接触到飞沫和溅污而污染戴手套和不戴手套的双手不接触其脸部。

WARNING:This product contains crystalline silica,which in airborne particles of respirable size is known to cause cancer.

注意：如眼神接触、洗净，用温水如过敏现象持续发生，就医，在皮肤接触，用肥皂和水警告：本品含硅晶体，在空气中的微粒的大小是呼吸致癌让儿童接触不到的地方。

Nevertheless, in these aPproaches the contact intethee are charactered sboly edstiffeess K. and K.' which is not PerfeCt and rigorous in thc vitw of solidmechanics and rather rough for the description of the behavior of the iDtfores. Incollbet, taken as a contact Problem, the principal chatrs of the iDtCthees can bereflected: the cbntact inifore is of shear strength Which imPlies tha a genericpair of contact points on the inidse will displace coincidentally if the tangentialfbrce at this POint has not reahed the 1imit resistance, else, relative s1ide betwee the\ points will occur along the tangental direction.

本论文在对这两种方法进行认真的分析后，说明它们对不连续面的描述并不合理，也无法反映出不连续面的主要力学特性，同时指出，将带有不连续面的岩土工程问题作为接触问题计算更为合理，它可将不连续面受力变形的主要特点反映出来，即：(1)接触面具有相应的&抗剪强度&，即当接触面上某一点处的切向应力小于该点处的抵抗强度时，点对共同变形；达到强度时，则沿切向发生相对滑动；(2)在整个变形过程中，发生接触的变形体不能相互侵入。

Methods Two-2D finite-element models were built based on the electron microscopic images of the organ of Corti from the guinea pig with two models of coupled and non-coupled between the tectorial membrane and stereocilia.

以豚鼠耳蜗底回Corti器的电镜图像为原型，建立盖膜与内毛细胞最长静纤毛接触和不接触的两种二维计算模型各一个，并作力学分析比较。

Results indicate that radial distance of the bushing from the rotor center and the radius of the hemispherical bushing significantly affect wear rate,and minimzing both two values will result in lowest wear for micro-rotor systems in MEMS.However,it is noted that the bearing radius sets a lower limit on the hemispherical bushing radius since the bushings are located beyond the rotor inner radius.It is desirable to reduce their effects on friction and wear on micro-rotors by regulating the radius of the bushing and the radial distance of the bushing from the rotor center within permissive range of micro-fabrication.Severe wear exists with increasing applied load and rotating speed of the rotor.Stress distributions in the contact region are different from Hertz solutions due to the convergence stresses apearing on the uncontinuous curvature line and the contact pressures display symmetrical parabola in the contact region.

结果表明：在MEMS微转子系统中，微转子轴衬偏心距离和转子轴衬半径影响线磨损率，以两者减至最小为较理想，但须注意设计中轴承半径的限制，并使轴衬偏心距离大于轴承内半径；在转子加工制造许可的范围内，可以通过调整转子轴衬的半径和偏心距离来减少摩擦磨损对微电机的影响，随着转子所承受载荷和转子旋转速度的增加，其磨损严重；接触区的应力分布不同于经典Hertz解，这是由于应力集中出现在不连续的曲率线上，且接触区的接触压力呈现轴对称抛物线状分布。

The results show that, for the elasto-plastic contact of tip-substrate approach and separation process, the material plastic yielding in the atomic level is still governed by the von Mises criterion. For the adhesion of flat-ended wedges, continuum mechanics can be still applied down to a few lattice constants within the contact region, and give reasonable results, apart from the discrepancies near the contact edges. Moreover, adhesion hysteresis occurs during unloading due to the atomic steps, where the unloading curve does not coincide with the loading one. This in turn supports the presumption proposed by Pollock for the adhesion of stepped spheres.

本文首先对针尖—基体模型的弹塑性接触机理进行了深入研究，指出在原子水平上材料的塑性屈服仍由Von Mises准则控制；对平底锥冲头粘着接触的模拟表明，除了在接触区边缘附近有一定差别外，接触力学方法在接触区内几个晶格常数范围内仍能给出令人满意的结果；由于原子台阶效应，加载与卸载曲线不重合，出现粘着滞后，证实了Pollock关于具有纳米阶梯结构的球体粘着滞后现象的推测。

You can move along I believe that we're done With whatever we was tryna do Cause you up and did me wrong Cupid got a big gun with a blindfold shoot She gave another brother access To a little black dress You know the one, short silky and backless Dude named oscar, asked if shes an actress I caught him hustlin Pinned to the mattress And now shes lying to my face Eyes burnin up like her words was mase I dont even hear what she tryin to say Song playin in my head irreplacable To the lies im deaf All i can hear is to the left to the left So i say get out and dont touch that jacket Your stuff i already packed it, im bein polite I dont wanna be rude I dont mean to be mean But i dont gotta deal with this mess Tellin me i need you but you know you need me But if thats how you feel you can just Move alone move along move along move along No argument no fight Move alone move along move along move along Im just tryin to be polite And if i seem a bit chill Its because i dont sweat the small Find another girl please believe i will I aint trippin off you at all A boss from the beginning Been there from a minute So me losin you is still me winning Found out bout you sinnin So you wonder why the hell im grinning And now shes lying to my face Eyes burnin up like her words was mase I dont even hear what she tryin to say Song playin in my head irreplacable To the lies im deaf All i can hear is to the left to the left So i say get out and dont touch that jacket Your stuff i already packed it, im bein polite I dont wanna be rude I dont mean to be mean But i dont gotta deal with this mess Tellin me i need you but you know you need me But if thats how you feel you can just Move alone move along move along move along No argument no fight Move alone move along move along move along Im just tryin to be polite Please dont get me wrong Baby understand Im tryna say get gone Thet nicest way i can Cuz im not what you want See i tried to make this work But our love is in the dirt So lets see who calls who first I dont wanna be rude I dont mean to be mean Tellin me i need you but you know you need me Move alone move along move along move along No argument no fight Move alone move along move along move along Im just tryin to be polite I dont wanna be rude I dont mean to be mean But i dont gotta deal with this mess Tellin me i need you but you know you need me But if thats how you feel you can just Move alone move along move along move along No argument no fight Move alone move along move along move along Im just tryin to be polite

你可以沿着我认为，我们就大功告成了随着无论我们做了tryna 原因你和我没有错丘比特带着一个眼罩大枪射击她给了另一个兄弟访问对于一个小黑裙你知道一个短柔滑和露背多德名为奥斯卡，询问畲族女演员我发现他hustlin 别在床垫现在畲族撒谎，我的脸眼睛burnin有如她的话是万世余dont甚至水手都想听听她说宋在我的脑海演奏，不可替代的即时通讯的谎言聋人我只能听到的是向左向左所以我说出去和dont接触的夹克你的东西我已经挤满与否，IM拜因礼貌俺不用想成为粗鲁余dont指的是指但我不gotta处理这个烂摊子泰兰我我需要你，但你知道你需要我但是，如果多数民众赞成你的感觉你可以移动独自沿沿沿移动move 没有理由不打移动独自沿沿沿移动move 进出口只是水手都想要有礼貌如果我似乎有点冷它的汗水，因为我dont小找到另一个女孩，请相信我会俺不是trippin关闭你所有从一开始老板在那里的一分钟所以，我洛辛你仍然是我获胜发现回合你sinnin 所以，你想知道为什么地狱的即时笑嘻嘻现在畲族撒谎，我的脸眼睛burnin有如她的话是万世余dont甚至水手都想听听她说宋在我的脑海演奏，不可替代的即时通讯的谎言聋人我只能听到的是向左向左所以我说出去和dont接触的夹克你的东西我已经挤满与否，IM拜因礼貌俺不用想成为粗鲁余dont指的是指但我不gotta处理这个烂摊子泰兰我我需要你，但你知道你需要我但是，如果多数民众赞成你的感觉你可以移动独自沿沿沿移动move 没有理由不打移动独自沿沿沿移动move 进出口只是水手都想要有礼貌请不要误会我的意思婴儿理解进出口tryna说得到了泰德最好的方法可以让我 Cuz im没你想要的瞧，我努力使这项工作但是，我们的爱情是在土因此让我们看看谁需要谁第一俺不用想成为粗鲁余dont指的是指泰兰我我需要你，但你知道你需要我移动独自沿沿沿移动move 没有理由不打移动独自沿沿沿移动move 进出口只是水手都想要有礼貌俺不用想成为粗鲁余dont指的是指但我不gotta处理这个烂摊子泰兰我我需要你，但你知道你需要我但是，如果多数民众赞成你的感觉你可以移动独自沿沿沿移动move 没有理由不打移动独自沿沿沿移动move 进出口只是水手都想要有礼貌

BEARER OF FREEDOM - YEAR OF THE WINGED HORSE Keynote: Freedom in Action Truth in Action: Divine Union, Freedom, Power Colors: Pale Lavender - Pale Yellow - Peach Animal Totem: Horse Aquatic Totem: Manta Ray Year of Birth: 2004, 2022, 2040 4、自由肩负者-飞马之年基调:起作用的自由行动真相:神性统一、自由、力量颜色:淡紫色-浅黄色-桃色动物标志:马水生物标志:电鳗出生年份:2004, 2022, 2040 Those born under the archetypal pattern of Freedom in Action will be gifted at allowing for evolution and ascension in their own life dance, the group that they affiliate with, and the whole of humanity.

那些诞生在本原型模式者，将擅长于让进化和提升在其自身生命舞蹈、在所加入的群体及整个人类中出现。这一类型的人类可能会感到过于受局限而不能在同一个地方停留太长时间；就像过去的吉普赛人一样，他们会从一个地方流浪到另一个地方，让更大自由流入与他们所接触的一切人的生命舞蹈中。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。