不应当

Because traditional finance subject utmostly canonize the rational selected mode and methodology which keep the form of the financial interest need of the enterprise and its stockholders and the network of their financial relationship out of its analytic area, so liking the mainstream economics, traditional finance subject can not offer trustworthy explains to many financial affairs and can not prescribe the right policy prescription to the important financial problems, either. As a result of the logistic and realistic errors in the traditional mode, it will have an important and practical meaning to bring the new system principle into the analytic area of the financial subject and to develop the financial theory. The main points of this dissertation are as follows: The financial affairs of an enterprise are not the inner actions of the individual firm, but the function of the financial network of stockholders, so we should use the limit of the affairs not the inner property or inner driving force to interpret the financial affairs of an enterprise, we should use the method of circuital analysis not of individual analysis to investigate the financial affairs of an enterprise; The financial affairs of an enterprise is a social behavior, it is involved in the social structure and is restricted by the social structure, so we should care for the social characters, social responsibilities and social effects of the financial affairs of an enterprise; The financial network of stockholders is composed of five phases as follows: the finance of external stockholders, the finance of the operator, the finance of function, the finance of subsection and the finance of the stuff, in which the finance of the operator is dominant; The operational intensity and efficiency of the financial network of stockholders are influenced by technical factor as well as institutional factor, in which institutional factor is the fundamental character of financial affairs. Ultimately the substance of the financial affairs is the arrangement and operation for the financial system by stockholders; The relationship between enterprise and its stockholders is cooperative and conflicting. The important mechanism to solve the financial conflict between stockholders is the construction of the financial system, including the formal and informal system construction. Information and faith are the important mechanism to coordinate the financial conflict between stockholders, so we should pay much attention to the research of formal and informal system.

本文的主要观点是：企业财务行为不是企业个体内部的行为，而是利益相关者财务网络行为，因此应当用对行为的结构限制而不是企业个体的内在属性或内在驱力来解释企业的财务行为，用网络分析的方法而不是个体分析的方法研究企业财务行为；企业财务行为是一种社会行为，它嵌入于社会结构之中，受企业财务所处的社会结构的限定，因此应当关注企业财务行为的社会性质、社会责任和社会后果；利益相关者财务网络内含外部利益相关者财务、经营者财务、职能财务、分部财务和员工财务五个层次，其中经营者财务在其中占据主导地位；利益相关者财务网络的运作强度与运作效率既受技术性因素的影响，又受制度性因素的影响，其中制度性是财务的根本属性，企业财务的实质说到底还是面向利益相关者的一种财务制度性的安排与运作；企业与利益相关者之间以及利益相关者相互之间的财务关系具有合作性与冲突性，化解利益相关者财务冲突的重要机制是财务性的制度建设，包括正式制度建设与非正式制度建设，信息和信任是协调利益相关者财务冲突的重要机制，因此应当高度关注财务的正式和非正式制度的研究。

Delivers raises the children to deliver raises the person to be supposed to adopt the organization to China to provide the following proof material:(1) its myself resident identification card, the resident register (social welfare organization achievement delivers raises person, must submit its person in charge's status credential),by adopter the situation proof;(2) by adpter the fresh parents for delivers fosters the person, must submit the written opinion which the fresh parents mutual consent delivers raises;(3) because loses one's spouse or the whereabouts by adopter the father or the birth mother is unclear, delivers by the folk remedy raises, must submit the spouse to die or the whereabouts unclear proof and the death or the whereabouts unclear spouse's parents does not exercise first fosters the power the proof;(4) is not had by adopter the parents the completely civil capacity, by does by adopter the guardian delivers raises the person, must submit myself to have the right of guardianship the proof and is not had by adopter the parents the completely civil capacity, and to is had by adopter the serious harm the proof;(5) had died by adopter the parents, by is delivered by adopter the guardian achievement raises the person, must submit his/her the fresh parents' death proof, myself has the right of guardianship the proof, and all that have the foster duty the person agreed delivers raises the written opinion;(6) delivers by the social welfare organization achievement raises the person, must submit the abandoned baby, the abandoned baby which the social welfare organization writes up is abandoned and the discovery situation proved as well as searches his/her parents or other guardian situation proofs; By adopter is the orphan, must submit the orphan the parents to die or the announcement death proof, as well as has other people which fosters the orphan duty to agree delivers raises the written opinion;(7) delivers raises the children with disabilities, must submit the disabled proof which the county levelabove hospital writes up.

送养子女的送养人应向中国收养组织提供下列证明材料：(1)其本人的居民身份证、户口簿(社会福利机构作为送养人的，应当提交其负责人的身份证件)、被收养人的情况证明；(2)被收养人的生父母为送养成人的，应当提交生父母双方同意送养的书面意见；(3)被收养人的生父或生母因丧偶或者下落不明，由单方送养的，应当提交配偶死亡或者下落不明的证明及死亡的或者下落不明的配偶的父母不行使优先抚养权的证明；(4)被收养人的父母均不具备完全民事行为能力，由被收养人的监护人作送养人的，应当提交本人有监护权的证明和被收养人的父母不具备完全民事行为能力、并对被收养人有严重危害的证明；(5)被收养人的父母均已死亡，由被收养人的监护人作为送养人的，应当提交其生父母的死亡证明、本人有监护权的证明，以及其他有抚养义务的人同意送养的书面意见；(6)由社会福利机构作为送养人的，应当提交社会福利机构出具的弃婴、弃儿被遗弃和发现的情况证明以及查找其父母或者其他监护人情况证明；被收养人是孤儿的，应当提交孤儿的父母死亡或者宣告死亡证明，以及有抚养孤儿义务的其他人同意送养的书面意见；(7)送养残疾儿童的，应当提交县级以上医院出具的残疾证明。

Starting from the right of equality, Rawls animadverts utilitarianism and substitutes it for "two principles as fairness and justice" in which rational people choose under the "original position", and thinks everyone should be equal and people should distribute wealth according to "the principle of justice as fairness", unless you have the enough reasons that can justify everyone should be unequal. He understands the distributive object as a series of public resources and systems of liberty, including the positions and offices, opportunity, natural endowment, honor, safety, freedom of life and action, freedom of thought and conscience. The aims of distributive principle of justice are to realize rational distribution of these public resources in a cooperative and well-ordered society. Starting from inalienable rights of man, Nozick thinks that everyone should be unequal, unless you have sufficient reasons that can justify everyone should be equal and without the consent of the individual, others can not infringe upon his property and rights with any excuses. He advances the justice of "holding" with a theory of qualification and entitlement, and maintains individual economic and free rights and the right of property.

罗尔斯从平等的权利出发，通过&原初状态&下的理性人自主选择&公平正义的两个原则&来取代功利主义，认为除非有充足理由证明应当不平等，否则就应当平等，并根据公平的正义原则分配公共资源和自由体系，包括职务、机会、天赋、荣誉、安全、人生行动自由、思想自由和良心自由等，&分配的正义观&就是要实现这些公共资源在一个合作且秩序良好的自由体系里的合理分配；诺齐克从人的不可剥夺的权利出发，认为除非你有充足理由证明应当平等，否则就应当不平等，没有个体的同意，任何人也不能以任何借口侵犯他的财产和权利，通过&资格&理论确立&持有&的正当性，维护个人的经济自由权利和财产权利。

All Christians believe that the blessed are the poor and humble, and those who are ill-used by the world; that it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven; that they should judge not, lest they be judged; that they should swear not at all; that they should love their neighbour as themselves; that if one take their cloak, they should give him their coat also; that they should take no thought for the morrow; that if they would be perfect, they should sell all that they have and give it to the poor.

一切基督教徒都相信，上帝所赐福的乃是穷人、贱人和被世人恶待的人；他们都相信，富人要进入天国比骆驼要穿过针孔还困难；他们都相信，他们不应有所裁判，否则他们就应受到裁判；他们都相信，他们绝对不应指神发誓；他们都相信，他们应当爱邻如爱己；他们都相信，假如有人要拿他们的罩袍，他们就应把自己的上衣也送给他；他们都相信，他们应当不思虑到明天；他们都相信，如果他们要成为完善，就应当卖尽自己所有的一切并散给穷人。

Some environmentalists say China should not be given permission as it still has a huge ivory black markets.

一些环境保护者说，由于中国仍有很大的象牙黑市，因此中国不应当被授予许可。

Dr. Montessori felt, therefore, that the goal of early childhood education should not be to fill the child with facts from a preselected course of studies, but rather to cultivate her own natural desire to learn.

所以蒙特梭利博士感觉早期幼儿教育的目标不应当是给孩子事先选好的课程的学习，而是应该培养激发她自己的一种学习的天生的欲望。

We hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men are created equal and independent; that from that equal creation they derive in rights inherent and inalienables, among which are the preservation of life, and liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these ends, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government shall become destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing it's powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.

我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们之间建立政府，而政府之正当权力，是经被治理者的同意而产生的。当任何形式的政府对这些目标具破坏作用时，人民便有权力改变或废除它，以建立一个新的政府；其赖以奠基的原则，其组织权力的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最可能获得他们的安全和幸福。为了慎重起见，成立多年的政府，是不应当由于轻微和短暂的原因而予以变更的。过去的一切经验也都说明，任何苦难，只要是尚能忍受，人类都宁愿容忍，而无意为了本身的权益便废除他们久已习惯了的政府。

André Sapir, of the Université Libre de Bruxelles, recently told a Financial Times conference that government policy should not be aiming to avoid a repeat of 1929: it has already failed to do that.

布鲁塞尔自由大学（Université Libre de Bruxelles）的André Sapir最近向金融时报表示，政府政策不应当着眼于避免1929年危机的重现：在这一点上它已然失败了。

Durazzo cautions that because of the small number of subjects, the study results are preliminary and should not be generalized to all recoering alcoholics.

Durazzo提醒说由于该实验样本量较小，因而研究结果有一定的局限性，不应当推及到所有的恢复中的酗酒者身上。

Kelso says donors need to monitor aid money carefully and foreign businesses and investors should not turn a blind eye to corruption by agreeing to pay bribes.

凯尔索说，援助国必需对援助款项进行谨慎的监督，而外国企业和投资商不应当无视腐败现象而同意支付贿赂。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。