不平均的

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

The main contributions in this area are summarized as follows,? The closed-form formula and its asymptotic form of system outageprobability are derived, through which it is shown that the outage probability decreased by a factor ofγ~(hereγdenotes the average SNR);? The closed-form formula of outage capacity is derived, through which weshow that 1 outage capacity increases with the increases of mean value of sytem SNR, and decreases with the increase of the variance of system average SNR; 2 in order to obtain higher outage capacity, the number of transmit antenna should be no more than that of receive antennas.?

特别的，针对多用户发送天线选择／最大比合并系统，主要贡献总结如下：·理论推导出中断概率的闭式解及其近似解，通过该近似解，可以得到中断概率以γ~的形式减少(这里γ是平均信噪比SNR)·推导出平均中断容量的闭式表达式，研究表明：1中断容量随着有效平均SNR的均值的增加而增加，随着有效平均SNR的方差的增大而减小；2为了获得更高的中断容量，发送天线的数目应当不大于接收天线的数目。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

When G is not a commutative semitopological semigroup, Lau and Takahashi proved the ergodic theorem for right reversible semigroups of nonexpansive mappings by using the methods of invariant means.

而当G非交换时，Lau和Takahashi利用不变平均技巧，在假定G是右可逆，X具一致Frechet可微范数及RUC存在不变平均等条件下，给出了非扩张半群的遍历压缩定理。

We can also find a good relationship between frost-day temperature and mean temperature in the period , this may foreshow the variation of mean temperature is produced by frost-day temperature .

年霜冻日平均温度与年平均温度存在显著的正相关关系，而无霜冻日温度的年平均值与平均温度关系达不到信度检验。

The result shows that average background radiation can not be deduced by using mean value theorem in visible light band.

通过计算可以表明，在可见波段，平均辐射不能用中值定理来推导，因而不能用天顶角为45度或135度的天地背景辐射来代替平均背景辐射。

The authors discuss a new numerical simulation method of the downburst wind loads on the basis of the previous research. Firstly, the wind speed is expressed as the sum of an instantaneous mean wind speed and an amplitude-modulating non-stationary fluctuating wind speed. Secondly, a new method based on the modified Osegguera and Bowles/Vicroy model to simulate the mean wind is presented and the fluctuating wind is simulated by a modified spectral representation method.

在将下击暴流风速表达为时变的平均风速和调制的非平稳脉动风速之和的前提下，本文采用基于改进的OBV模型Oseguera and Bowles/Vi-croy(OBV的方法来模拟平均风速，其平均风速直接由改进的OBV模型表达，而不同于已往研究中将平均风速表达为竖向风剖面与时间函数的乘积，并采用结合快速傅里叶变化的谐波叠加法来模拟调制的非平稳脉动风速。

Result On the whole, the collected sludge was a kind of organic fertilizer with high nutrient content, which contained rich organic matter (296.84g/kg on average), high nitrogen (48.33g/kg on average), medium phosphorus (18.94g/kg on average), low potassium (14.17g/kg on average). The pH value of the sludge was all in 5.95-7.73, being between subacidity and alkalescence, and application in the garden soil could not produce great influence on the acidity-alkalinity of soil.

结果］总体上所采集污泥是一种富含有机质（平均为296.84g/kg）、高氮（平均为48.33g/kg）、中磷（平均为18.94g/kg）、低钾（平均为14.17g/kg）的养分含量颇高的有机肥。pH值在5.95-7.73，处于微酸性和微碱性之间，在园林土壤中施用，不会对土壤的酸碱度造成大的影响。

The average removal efficiency of TP and COD was 28.76% and 8% after cloth media filter without coagulation, and TP removal was influenced by the influent water quality. However, precoagulation with coagulants of ferric chloride, PAFC, PAC, the average removal efficiency of TP was 63.58%, 60.13% and 66.94% respectively, and no influence of TP removal can be found by the influent water quality. The average removal efficiency of COD was of 17.7%,26.3% and 27.7%,SS was 70.7%,64.3% and 49.1%.

当不投加混凝剂时，滤布滤池对TP和COD的平均去除率为28.76%和8%，其中TP的去除效果受进水水质影响较大；当投加氯化铁、聚合氯化铝铁与聚合氯化铝强化滤布滤池时，滤布滤池对TP的平均去除率分别为63.58%、60.13%和66.94%，TP去除效果受进水水质影响较小；对SS的平均去除率分别为70.7%、64.3%和49.1%；对COD平均去除率分别为17.7%、26.3%和27.7%。

"An average amount of exercise was defined as 60 minutes per week," Sprod told Reuters Health,"so anyone exercising less than 60 minutes was below average, above 60 minutes was above average, and anyone that considered themselves 'highly competitive' chose that category."

&平均运动量被界定为60分钟，每星期，& Sprod告诉路透社记者，&所以任何人行使不到60分钟，是低于平均水平，高于平均60分钟以上，和任何人都认为自己是'高度竞争的'选择的类别。&

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。