不均匀度

The result shows that the main factors,which affect the technical quality of the cathode assembly preparation,are surface oxidization of emissive layer,impurity pollution,doped concentration nonuniform,less variation of doped concentration gradient,the sticking stress of GaAs and glass,and the main factors,which affect the cathode activation,are the degree of vacuum for activation at lower than 8x10-8Pa,the partial pressure of H2O,CO,CO2 and C in the vacuum residial gas at higher than 10-8 Pa and the improper caesium and oxygen refining.

结果表明，影响台外工艺质量的主要因素是外延材料缺陷多、发射层表面氧化、杂质污染、掺杂浓度不均匀、掺杂浓度陡度变化小及GaAs与玻璃粘接产生的应力大；影响台内工艺质量的主要因素为阴极激活真空度低于8×10-8Pa。真空残气H2O.CO.CO2及C分压大于10-8Pa。阴极激活铯和氧源提纯不彻底。

In addition, the preparation and package and store for standard reference materials of antioxidant BHT are studied.

本论文主要叙述了对工业品防老剂BHT的重结晶提纯和区域熔融提纯(自行设计和制造了区域熔融仪，申请了发明专利)来制定防老剂BHT标准物质的研究：通过实验确定了乙醇重结晶提纯工艺；利用自行设计区域熔融装置，拟定操作规程和技术条件；确定提纯样品的高效液相色谱法和差示扫描量热法的纯度检测条件和实验方法；用高效液相色谱检验BHT标准物质的均匀性、稳定性；分别用高效液相色谱法和差示扫描量热法测定这种标准物质的不确定度评定及两种不同原理检测的定值分析；最后确定标准物质BHT的纯度和合成标准不确定度：标准物质的制备、包装及贮存。

Major results were summarized as follows:(1) A total of 58 tree species from 53 genera in 36 families among which 8 species were Rosaceae, 5 species were Liliaceae, 5 species were Eriaceae, 3 species were Ranunculaceae, 3 species were Compositae, 2 species were Cupressaceae, 2 species were Caprifoliaceae, 2 species were Umblliferae, and other 28 tree species were only one receptively. These were recorded in the 8 plots of the A. georgei var. smithii forest;(2) Number of families, genera, species and Margalef index correlated negatively with altitude (P.05), with a peak at 3600 m.(3) Shannon-Wiener index correlated negatively with altitude (P.01), and maintained stable at the altitudes between 3700~4100 m, evenness with altitudes, however, this trend was insignificant.(4) Jaccard index increased sharply with increasing altitude at the altitudes between 3600~4100 m, and was lower between different vegetation types at the altitudes between 4100~4200. Cody index β(subscript c decreased with an increasing altitude, but there were 2 troughs between 4000~4100 m and 4200~4300 m.(5) Maximum tree height H(subscript max and HH(subscript max=37 mcorrelated negatively with altitude (P.05); but basal area and BA BA(subscript max=5.3m^2 correlated with altitudes, however, this trend was insignificant.

结果表明：(1)在调查的8个急尖长苞冷杉林样地内共有植物58种，分属于36科53属，其中植物较多的科有蔷薇科8种、百合科5种、杜鹃花科5种、毛茛科3种、菊科3种、柏科2种、忍冬科2种、伞形科2种，其余的28科各只有1个种；(2)物种科、属、种数、Margalef指数D(下标 M与海拔存在显著的负相关性(P.05)，在分布急尖长苞冷杉最低海拔3600m处出现物种丰富度的最大值；(3)多样性指数与海拔之间有极显著的负相关性(P.01)，并且在3700~4100m之间多样性指数保持稳定；均匀度指数与海拔梯度之间存在负相关性，但不显著；(4)Jaccard指数C(下标 j在海拔3600~4100m随海拔的升高而升高，在生境过渡带的4100~4200m之间Jaccard指数C(下标 j较低；Cody指数β(下标 c随海拔的升高呈下降的趋势，但在4000~4100m和4200~4300m 海拔区间出现2个低谷；(5)最大树高H(下标 max和最大胸径DBH(下标 max与海拔之间存在显著负相关性(P.05)；胸高断面积之和和立木密度与海拔之间存在负相关性，但不显著。

Air – jet – spun yarns are clean, have good uniformity and even quality, but are less regular than ring – spun yarns.

喷气纺纱纺制的纱线光洁、条干均匀、质量稳定，但条干均匀度还赶不上环锭纱。

A total of 19,781 insect individuals belonging to 959 morphospecies, 145 families and 15 orders were collected. The most abundant orders were Diptera (69.68%), Homoptera (11.19%) and Hymenoptera (10.10%). At the family level, Chironomidae (17.67%), Mycetophilidae (12.32%), Cicadellidae (8.32%), Ceratopogonidae (7.56%), Sciaridae (7.39%) and Cecidomyiidae (5.81%) were the most abundant taxa. Although there were little differences in similarity among the three sampling plots, the dominant orders and families in theses plots differed. The meadow had the highest diversity while the spruce forest had the lowest diversity.

结果：三样区共采集到19，781只昆虫，分属15目、145科、959个形态种；各目的组成百分比，以双翅目(69.68%)、同翅目(11.19%)及膜翅目(10.10%)最为优势；在科的类阶，则是以摇蚊科(17.67%)、蕈蚋科(12.32%)、叶蝉科(8.32%)、糠蚊科(7.56%)、黑翅蕈蚋科(7.39%)及瘿蚋科(5.81%)为优势类群；三个样区的相似度差异不大，但是优势类群则不相同；无论丰度、均匀度及多样性指标，箭竹草原样区均高过於云杉林样区及铁杉林样区。

The results showed that the D50 of Astragalus membranaceus and Epimedium brevicornum ultra-fine powder were 6.82μm and 8.40μm separately. The broken cellular walls of two ultra-fine herbal powder were bigger than those of the commonly cribble, and intact cells were not visible under SEM, and it improved the mixed uniformity. On the contrary, organization blocks of the commonly cribble were clearly discernible, also the shape and granularity were irregular, and the organization cells were still complete. The bulk density and liquidity of Astragalus membranaceus and Epimedium brevicornum increased significantly after ultra-fine Smashing. The component icariin extraction content of the ultra-fine powder was enhanced by 18.31% compared with the cribble by the chromatograph analysis of icariin. At the same time, Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide and Epimedium brevicornum polysaccharide content of the ultra-fine powder were enhanced by 117.13% and 315.15% compared with the cribble.

结果发现黄芪和淫羊藿经超微粉碎后，粉体的粒度分布中心D_(50)分别为6.82μm和8.40μm，经电镜观察均难以看到完整的细胞形态，只能看到细胞碎片，破壁率远远大于普通粗粉，其混合的均匀度显著提高，而普通粗粉在显微镜下，组织块清晰可见，且形状不规则，粒径分布不均匀，组织细胞仍然完整；超微粉碎后，黄芪和淫羊藿的堆密度和流动性显著增强；通过对淫羊藿有效成分淫羊藿苷的色谱分析，其中淫羊藿超微粉的淫羊藿苷体外溶出量较淫羊藿粗粉中提高了18.31%；同时黄芪、淫羊藿超微粉多糖的提取率分别较黄芪、淫羊藿粗粉提高了117.13%，315.15%。

Species richness and Pielou evenness index were used to measure species diversity. Species richness in polluted area was 32-67, while in control area it was 47-82. Pielou evenness index of tree layer was 0.1161-0.8509, while those of shrub layer and herb layer were 0.1763-0.3249 and 0.0443-0.2601, respectively. The results showed that both species richness and Pielou evenness index were influenced by the point source pollution. Species importance values showed significant differences between polluted area and control area. Dominance of different species had changed, and some species even disappeared under the pressure of pollution, indicating a process of species replacement in plant communities. Such species replacement can provide a scientific basis for species selection for restoration of human-damaged ecosystem. The natural regeneration of Quercus variabilis was insensitive to pollution, while Cupressus funebris was effected seriously.

仅在污染区中出现的物种数量远低于仅在对照区中出现的物种数量；(2)可分出4种基本的群落类型：马尾松林、柏木林、栓皮栎林和马尾松＋栓皮栎林，各群落特定层次的物种丰富度指数以及Pielou均匀度指数在污染区与对照区之间存在显著差异；(3)污染胁迫下，物种在群落中的生态优势度发生了变化，反映了群落中不同物种相互替代的过程，这种物种的替代可为今后受损生态系统人为恢复过程中物种的筛选提供一定的理论参考；(4)对群落中王要物种更新的调查发现：栓皮栎林对污染不敏感；柏木林污染区与对照区幼苗数量及分布格局均有明显差异，污染条件下群落未来演替受到严重干扰。

Structure index was significantly (P.05) different among three plant species whereas channel index and enrichment index were not. Plant species not only modified abundance of plant-feeding, omnivorous and predatory nematodes, but also percentage of each trophic group. Bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes were affected most by the differences in plant species.

研究表明在沙地生态系统中，3种植物根际土壤线虫群落的多样性、丰富度、均匀度和线虫总数虽然都存在一定的差异，但不显著；功能多样性指数中结构指数存在显著差异，而通道指数、富集指数不存在显著差异；3种植物对根际土壤线虫群落中各营养类群线虫的比例有显著影响。

In this work the unhomogeneity of microstructure in product strips has been studied, and the methods to control grain size with the hot rolling technological parameters are given. The capacity to control the property unhomogeneity of hot strips has been greatly improved after using the methods. According the statistics of production, the the property unhomogeneity over 99% strips is less than 80 MPa in a batch of coils, and less than 40MPa in a coil.

8对大量实际生产带钢组织和性能的不均匀性进行了研究，提出了通过调整热轧工艺参数来进行晶粒尺寸均匀度控制的的具体措施，实际生产采取该控制手段后，使宝钢对管线钢性能波动的控制水平得到大幅度的提高；强度波动由管线钢生产初期的批量内150～200MPa，卷内100MPa提高到批量内00MPa，卷内0MPa，可按合同交货；大生产实际水平为：99％产品的强度波动量达到批量内0MPa，卷内0MPa。

Many community attributes in pure Chinese fir plantation were also found in mixed plantation of Chinese firs with alders.

杉木跟桤木混交以后，保留了纯林的大部分属性，各类群在大型土壤动物群落中的地位基本保持不变，双翅目、蜘蛛目、膜翅目仍然是最主要的类群，但这种混交方式改变了一些土壤动物的群落结构参数，多度和丰富度出现上升的趋势，均匀度显著降低。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。