不均匀

Structure index was significantly (P.05) different among three plant species whereas channel index and enrichment index were not. Plant species not only modified abundance of plant-feeding, omnivorous and predatory nematodes, but also percentage of each trophic group. Bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes were affected most by the differences in plant species.

研究表明在沙地生态系统中，3种植物根际土壤线虫群落的多样性、丰富度、均匀度和线虫总数虽然都存在一定的差异，但不显著；功能多样性指数中结构指数存在显著差异，而通道指数、富集指数不存在显著差异；3种植物对根际土壤线虫群落中各营养类群线虫的比例有显著影响。

With the different laboratory compaction method and the real pavement, the study of particle stability and density indicated that Marshall compacted specimen can not simulate the real pavement, the rolling and gyratory compacted specimen are the most similar with real pavement, vibrating compacted specimen is second similar with the real pavement.

针对不同试验室压实方法成型试件和实际路面，从集料颗粒的稳定性和密实程度两个角度的对比研究表明，马歇尔击实成型试件法无法有效模拟实际路面，表现在其粗集料颗粒主轴取向无统计规律且与实际路面不具相关性；轮碾压实和旋转压实试件具有与路面最接近的稳定性和密实程度；振动压实次之，虽然表现出具有使颗粒较好均匀分散成型的特点，但其粗集料颗粒骨架的稳定性不够理想，致使其密实程度相对不高。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field , deformation field and stress field in heating process , which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly : and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure . These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale .

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场，变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field, deformation field and stress field in heating process, which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly: and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure. These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale. When oil shale is heated through thermal conduction, temperature transfers slowly, so the spacing between heating well and production well should not be kept too long. When difference exists in oil shale reservoir's properties, heating well should be chosen in the high conductivity region. Oil shale's stratification is vital for developing permeation zone in in-situ retorting. Oil shale will generate additional expansion force as it reaches its pyrolysis temperature, and stratification will be cracked first, so the oil shale stratification should be utilized to enhance its permeability.

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场、变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The results show that the chlorite jade is in dark green, semi-translucent to opaque, and lepidoblastic texture, with hardness of 2.5, refractive index 1.58 and density 2.60 g/cm^3. It has homogeneous texture and less fissures, and no fluorescence under ultraviolet fluorescence lamp. XRD analysis shows that the mineral composition of the chlorite jade is mainly chlorite.

结果表明，该绿泥石玉呈深绿色、微透明－不透明集合体，具鳞片变晶结构，裂隙少，质地均匀，在紫外荧光灯下不发荧光，摩氏硬度为2.5，折射率为1.58，密度为2.60g/立方公分。X射线衍射分析结果表明，该绿泥石玉的物相为绿泥石。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

Results: Although most cases (11/16) were typical and clearly classified on MRI, atypical cases were also observed, such as meningioma of long T1/T2 signal intensity with small cystic foci, and neurinoma of iso intensity and homogenous enhancement without cystic change or enlargement of internal acoustic meatus.

结果：尽管多数神经鞘瘤(5/8)和脑膜瘤(6/8)具有典型的MRI表现特征并仅经MRI即可得到正确鉴别，但部分病例(5/16)为不典型表现者，如脑膜瘤呈长T1长T2信号并伴有囊变，以及神经鞘瘤呈等信号、均匀强化且不伴有囊变或内听道扩大者，鉴别诊断困难。

The shortcoming of ordinary multimode Y branch optical power splitter is that the branch characteristic strongly depends on the excited modal distribution. Different input conditions including different input modes and different input positions will excite different modes and different intensity distribution of these modes in highly multimode waveguides. The interference of these modes will contribute to distribute unstably, i.e.

多模Y分支器件的设计中存在一个共同的问题，即随着光入射条件的不同(包括入射光的模式不同和输入进波导端面位置不同等)，多模波导中所激励起的模的数目以及各个模之间的功率分配也各不相同，激励起的多个模式之间总是存在着不同程度上的相互干涉影响，从而最终影响功分器的分束均匀性。

Results indicate:(1) The newly developed simulation technology can form fairly average and easily controllable back pressure downstream the inlet, so it can he used to investigate the back pressure characteristics of hypersonic inlets.(2) By regulating the valve of injection pipe, the simulation technology can realize the switch of hypersonic inlet started state and unstarted state in about 8 milliseconds, so it is suitable to investigate the starting/unstarting/resarting problem of hypersonic inlets.

结果表明：(1)所提出的凹腔喷流技术可在进气道下游形成较为均匀的、可控的背压环境，因此可用于进气道的反压特性研究；(2)适当调节凹腔的喷流总压，并在实验中实时控制阀门的开度，凹腔喷流技术能够在较短的风洞实验时间内（约8s）实现进气道起动、不起动、再起动流态之间的切换，因此可用于进气道的不起动／再起动特性研究。

Isogram addition with line, histogram, and Lorenz plot is latterly realized in HBACIS so that the results of the inquiring, calculating and analyzing of the climate information can be visually displayed. The successful exploitation of HBACIS shows that the B/S system adopted JSP can totally satisfy the requirement of the agricultural climate information system. For one thing, JSP with the characteristics of high efficiency and security, multiplatform and expansibility, basing on the object oriented language-JAVA, can be sustained widely, and is easy to exploit and maintain. The JSP tags can be extended and the components are reused. For another, the client side of the B/S system is all applied with the browser as the interface, which is very simple and wieldy.

通过比较认为逐点插入法不需要进行二次插值，不要求等值点均匀分布，比较适合在网络环境下绘制湖北省各气象要素等值线图，并采用面向对象的方法实现了等值线图、折线图、柱状图、散点图等气象上常用可视化表达的功能，使各种查询、统计、分析结果能以等值线、折线图、柱状图、散点图显示，能较直观反映查询、统计、分析结果。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。