不同地

The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. The advantage is that the cost function variation is independent of the flow field variation, with the result that the gradient of cost function with respect to arbitrary number of design variables can be determined without the need for additional flow-field evaluations. So each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions.

虽然他们的研究成果大多数都可以在公开性文献上看到，但是其中一些具体的细节问题的处理方法却没有透露，比如：伴随方程如何离散求解才能减小最终梯度计算中的误差，使得设计过程有效地进行；伴随方程与流动方程的边界条件是不同的，如何合理地处理伴随方程的边界条件，才能推动设计过程朝着设计目标而发展；在减阻问题中目标函数如何定义，求解梯度的具体数学公式如何推导，如何通过数值方法来实现它们等。

After having the initial overview of Tiny ERP user interface, you have learned how to use the icons advisedly, the different elements of the menu, and to know where and how to retrieve information.

对Tiny ERP的界面进行初步地概览之后，你已经学会怎样正确地使用图标和不同的菜单项，并且知道在哪里如何检索信息。

The differences of children whose playfulness are higher and children whose playfulness are lower are using of strategy. Children whose playfulness are higher use aidant strategy and evasive strategy mostly,and children whose playfulness are lower use passive strategy mostly.

不同的是在策略偏爱的排序上，游戏性高的幼儿更多地使用了寻求帮助策略和回避策略，而游戏性低的幼儿则更多地使用了被动策略。

In Taiwan area often have typhoon attracting during summer times. Typhoon brings abundant rainfall and the rainfall concentrates to the river, naturally washes out the main channel and the river high alluvion. When flood retreat, the exposed high alluvion can be widely used. Agriculture, plant and wetland, these places can increase zoology. On the other hand ,they baffle current of water flow. So this research focuses on different arrangement of flexible vegetation.

中文摘要因为台湾地区因气候关系常有台风侵袭，台风来临时带来的充沛雨量集中到河川，自然冲刷出主河道和高滩地，当洪水退去时，裸露的高滩地即可以广泛地被利用，有许多的人为开垦、种植，但是这些植生有增加动植物栖地的益处，另一方面也会产生阻碍水流的害处，所以本篇对於不同布置方式的柔性植生做流场的研究。

The experimental results reveal that there is no apparent difference in the frequency of sounds generated by the friction and collision between two stones, although the sounds may differ in pressure.

由实验结果可知，摩擦与撞击这两种不同的运动机制所产生的地声音频讯号，除声压强度上会有显著的差异之外，其在频谱上并无太大的差异性存在，这可能是因为摩擦运动基本上也可视其为无数个小撞击运动，因此其所产生之地声声纹基本上大同小异。

Tins article will tell us the functions of CAI in English classroom teaching:1. the functions in English classroom teaching1. 1 enrich the teaching contents and change the monotonous design of traditional teaching1. 2 arouse the students interest and stimulate the studyintention1.3 make initiative study change into passive study1.4 lighten the students schoolwork2. the functions in modern education2. 1 remedy the differences between different schoolsand areas 2. 2 improve the process of teaching management2.3 enrich the reading matter of the outside class2.4 develop the long-distance education by using the multimedia and internet technologyBecause there are so many advantages about multimedia. many schools construct campus net and multimedia classrooms. Then designing and making CAI software became an important problem for these schools, so these article can tell us how to design and make it. In order to make CAI software better, the articled also tell you how to pay attention to something .That is the content of my article , I hope I ran consult it with you .Thank you.

充分运用现代教学技术武装我们的教学，对原有的教学生产方式来一场革命，这是教育实践的呼唤，也是时代的呼唤，本论文从多媒体在英语课堂教学中的作用出发，来说明运用多媒体进行计算机辅助教学的作用： 1 在英语课堂教学中的作用 1.1 丰富教学内容改变传统教学的单调模式 1.2 激发学习兴趣促进学习动机 1.3 变被动学习为主动学习有效体现教学的个体化和因材施教 1.4 为教师提供形象的表达工具有效地减轻学生的课业负担 2 现代教育中的作用 2.1 弥补不同学校、地区之问教学质量的差异 2.2 改善教学管理过程改进教学效果 2.3 丰富的课外读物 2.4 多媒体技术与网络技术的结合可有效地开展远距离教育正因为多媒体具有这么多的优点，所以许多学校多投资兴建了校园网和多媒体教室，如何设计和制作高质量的多媒体课件是许多学校迫切需要解决的问题，所以本文接下来谈论的是如何设计和制作多媒体课件以及在设计和制作过程中如何应用心理学上的注意规律等，仅供各位同行参考。

The seismic area and the seismic belt should be two kinds of different divisions plans, the former's division bases on the activity blok, the latter's bases on the activity fault zone, the goal and the basis of their division are different.

地震区和地震带应为两种不同的划分方案，前者是以活动块体为对象进行分区的，后者是以活动断裂带为对象进行分带的，它们的划分目的和依据是不同的。

The Tibetan tropopause is obviously different from the other regions at the same latitudes, c.a. 0.7 km higher in average, and the seasonal height variation of tropopause over Tibet is distinguished, in amplitude and phase, over the corresponding latitudes.

青藏高原上空对流层顶与同纬度其它地区间存在较大差异，该地区对流层顶比同纬度其它地区高约0.7 km，流层顶高度的季节变化与同纬度其它地区也明显不同，表现为振幅远大于同纬度其它地区，位相也明显不同。

After the breakdown of the Fourth Republic and the foundation of the Fifth, the French government, under General De Gaulle, gradually changed the Fourth Republic's fault and began to adopt free policies to Algeria, which finally brought independence to Algeria in 1962 and ended the Algerian War.

而美国在战争期间也根据形势的变化在不同阶段采取了不同的政策：从起初的&消极的中间偏右&到后来积极而主动地充当阿尔及利亚问题和平解决的催化剂。

Based on the framework of the Alife evolutionary model, we proposed two different models according to Lamarck direct evolution and Baldwin effect. They are called genetic controlled evolutionary reinforced model and autonomous genetic reinforced model, both of which embodied in the mutual effect of learning and evolution.

在基于遗传算法的人工生命进化模型的结构框架下，分别依据Lamarck直接遗传方式和Baldwin效应间接遗传方式两种不同的遗传行为方式，设计了遗传监视进化强化模型和自律遗传强化模型两种不同风格的进化模型，它们都有效地体现了学习和进化之间的双向作用关系。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。