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The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

It is concluded that, first, geochemical data of the surface soils can clearly distinguish two kind of soils, that is, juvenile soils, for example, purple soils, which inherits most geochemical characteristics of the parent rocks or materials, and anthropic soils, the geochemical characteristics of which have been greatly changed as the results of intensive impact from variety of agricultural uses. Second, different soils have typical indicator elements association respectively due to different parent rocks or materials and utilization, such as purple soils, yellow soils (low alkali and alkaline-earth metal contents and pH value), paddy soils (high organic element and heavy metal elements contents) and fluvo-aquic soils (high rock-forming accessory mineral elements contents) and so on. Consequently, it can be suggested that elements association is an important indicator for two key factors (parent materials and anthropic activities) of soil classification. Third, some differences exist between soil genesic classification and result of cluster analysis, because geochemical characteristics of surface soils can not completely represent the foundation applying to soil genesic classification, that is, condition and process of soil-forming, and soil property.

结果表明：浅层土壤的地球化学数据能较好地用来区分两类土壤，即紫色土一类的幼年土壤（在很大程度上继承了母岩、母质的地球化学特征）和受强烈人为活动水耕、早耕熟化的土壤（外来物质的不断加人显著地改变了浅层土壤原有的地球化学性质）；(2)各类土壤因母岩母质和利用方式不同，各具明显的标志性元素组合特征，如紫色土、黄壤（低碱和碱土金属元素和pH值）、水稻土（高有机元素、肥料元素和重金属元素）和潮土等，因此，这些元素组合是土壤分类两个要素的重要参照系；(3)浅层土壤的地球化学特征不可能完整地体现成土条件、成土过程和土壤属性这三个发生分类依据，因此，聚类分析结果与发生类型之间存在一定的差异。

He wishes that through the four weeks residency program, he could play a part in local community activities and explore local culture deeply. Yeo wishes that by searching the "unknown" cultural elements of his knowledge and exploring local daily "functional objects", his artistic vision could offer an alternative proposition/experience profoundly.

透过四周的驻村计画，他希望能进一步参与在地社区活动以探索在地文化，并希望藉著对未知文化元素及在地日常功能物件的探寻，为其艺术视野开拓不同的观点与经验。

Three 30 m×30 m sample fields were designed to investigate different vegetation type, and the species and the number of arbor in the sample field were noted. Meanwhile, four 2 m×2 m plots were designed in the catercorner of sample field to investigate the species and the number of shrub and herbage.

方法］对不同植被类型设置3个30 m×30 m的样地进行调查，记录样地内所有乔木树种的种类、数量，并记录奇胸径和株高；同时，在样地对角线设4个2 m×2 m的样方调查所有灌木和草本的种类和数量。

Meanwhile, the effect of organic amendments on cucumber growth were tested in the pots and plots. The results showed that four of the twelve organic amendments significantly promoted cucumber growth, namely wheat chaff, chinaberry leaf, pine sawdust and rapeseed cake. Among the four kinds of organic amendments, wheat chaff has the most significant effect.

通过分析应用不同植物有机质处理地土壤对黄瓜植株的地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重以及株高的影响，发现麦糠、楝叶、松树锯末和菜籽饼粕对黄瓜的生长表现出明显的促生作用，其中麦糠的促生作用更为明显。

To study the effect of nematode-induced forest succession on avian communities, we chose three forest types at different seral stages, including evergreen broad-leaved coppice infested by the pine wood nematode for five years and evergreen broad-leaved forest infested for 12 years, both from Xiangshan County, Zhejiang, and one 40-year-old evergreen broad-leaved forest from Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang.

为了探讨在松材线虫侵袭所引起的森林演替过程中植被结构变化对鸟类群落的影响，我们研究了这此常绿阔叶演替林中的鸟类群落结构。2004年5-6月，我们在浙江省宁波市选择了分别处于3个不同演替阶段的7个样地：包括象山县被松材线虫侵袭5年后的常绿阔叶灌丛和侵袭12年后的常绿阔叶林样地各3个，同时在天童国家级森林公园选择了约40龄的常绿阔叶林样地1个。

Cubism is best defined as the exact reproduction of an image as seen from different angles simultaneously.

立体派是最好地定义了同样地那精确的再现图像当做见到从不同的同时地的角度。

The 10 a plot had the highest community average height, abundance, and above ground biomass, but the community average increased with enclosure time and the 25 a plot had the highest community average coverage. Enclosure for 10 a gave the highest species diversity index in the third plots, while 15 a had the highest' richness index and lowest evenness index. The highest evenness index was in the non-enclosure plot. Exclosure appears to maintain or conserve, rather than increase plant diversity in contrast to non-enclosure.

结果表明，围封10年样地群落的高度、多度以及地上生物量最大，而群落的盖度则随封育年限的增加呈显著增加趋势，在封育25年达到最大；围栏封育的不同年限也显著影响了群落的物种多样性，在围封10年样地群落具有最高的多样性指数，围封15年样地具有最高的丰富度指数，而均匀度指数则是在未封育群落中表现为最高值，最低值是在物种丰富度最高时出现。

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Caribbean cuisine is characterized by multi-national element set, there are France, Britain and Spain, food culture and so on, chef de cuisine explained: As the Caribbean Sea which is controlled by the more than 7000 islands of various sizes formed with more than 10 island, such as Cuba, Bermuda, Jamaica, the island also by different European and American influenced dishes, the dishes are also set multi-national elements, but more common mainly in seafood and barbecue, which will fruit dishes to make a different sauce, with sweet flavor.

加勒比海菜的特色是集多国的元素，有法国、英国及西班牙等地的饮食文化，主厨解释﹕由于加勒比海区是由七千多个大小不同的岛屿所组成，拥有十多个岛国，如古巴、百慕达、牙买加等，各岛国也分别受不同的欧洲及美国菜所影响，所以菜式也集多国元素，不过常见的多以海鲜及烤肉为主，当中还会以水果入馔，做出不同的酱汁，味带香甜。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。