不可实现的

After the intermediate stage in the Medieval Europe, the deed theories of Hebrew culture was not only enormously promoted the economic development , with contracting freedom inherited from the ancient Rome culture, Moreover, it had expedited the people sovereignty theories. After the combination of the neoteric commodity economy with the theories of Christianity\'s original sin, belief doctrine, and the wealth view, which gave birth to the supreme status of constitution, and the conception of equality, freedom, and so on. Christianity\'s wealth view (especially the Protestantism ethics) enormously promoted the capitalism expansion and finally forms the conception that private property are sacrosanctity. The ideology of successive authority restriction from Christianity, and the Christianity\'s exercise to partial legislative power and jurisdiction power, combined with autonomous cities based on commodity economy, and the political phenomenon that merchants exerted legislative power and jurisdiction power. Those had made the mundane ruler such as king, and so on, could only take the exertion of tax revenue power as the main symbol administrative authorities. It provided historical and psychological foundation for the birth of modern decentralization theories .

希伯来文化中的"约"和古罗马的契约自由不仅极大地促进中世纪中期以后欧洲商品经济的发展，而且催生了人民主权理念；基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和财富观等与近代商品经济的结合，生成了宪法至上及平等、自由等权利观念；基督教的财富观极大地促进了资本主义扩大再生产的实现并最终形成私有财产神圣不可侵犯的财产权观念；基督教会传承的权力制约思想及基督教会对部分立法权和司法权的行使，与建立在商品经济基础上的自治城市及商人行使立法权、司法权等政治现象相耦合，使得国王等世俗的统治者习惯于只行使以税收权为主要标志的行政权，为近代分权学说的产生和分权制度的建立提供了历史和心理的基础。

After the intermediate stage in the Medieval Europe, the deed theories of Hebrew culture was not only enormously promoted the economic development , with contracting freedom inherited from the ancient Rome culture, Moreover, it had expedited the people sovereignty theories. After the combination of the neoteric commodity economy with the theories of Christianity"s original sin, belief doctrine, and the wealth view, which gave birth to the supreme status of constitution, and the conception of equality, freedom, and so on. Christianity"s wealth view (especially the Protestantism ethics) enormously promoted the capitalism expansion and finally forms the conception that private property are sacrosanctity. The ideology of successive authority restriction from Christianity, and the Christianitys exercise to partial legislative power and jurisdiction power, combined with autonomous cities based on commodity economy, and the political phenomenon that merchants exerted legislative power and jurisdiction power. Those had made the mundane ruler such as king, and so on, could only take the exertion of tax revenue power as the main symbol administrative authorities. It provided historical and psychological foundation for the birth of modern decentralization theories .

希伯来文化中的"约"和古罗马的契约自由不仅极大地促进中世纪中期以后欧洲商品经济的发展，而且催生了人民主权理念；基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和财富观等与近代商品经济的结合，生成了宪法至上及平等、自由等权利观念；基督教的财富观极大地促进了资本主义扩大再生产的实现并最终形成私有财产神圣不可侵犯的财产权观念；基督教会传承的权力制约思想及基督教会对部分立法权和司法权的行使，与建立在商品经济基础上的自治城市及商人行使立法权、司法权等政治现象相耦合，使得国王等世俗的统治者习惯于只行使以税收权为主要标志的行政权，为近代分权学说的产生和分权制度的建立提供了历史和心理的基础。

The author points out: Confidence is confidence in not man but system, humanity being vicious, a trustee must be restricted, duty restriction is not replaced by right regulation; Legal aim of restriction should be orientated at maximal benefit of beneficiary, in it, benefit subject is only beneficiary and doesn't included settlor and society, benefit content is physical but not spiritual; A bulk of restriction regulations are default-rule,but there are some mandatory rules, even if they are default-rule, they has mandatory character to some degree, therefore, the intention of settlor which precludes application of restriction regulation is restricted; Modern technique quality of restriction has trend of flexibility, this would be worthwhile approving because it can realize maximal benefit of beneficiary; Strict self-dealing rule doesn't accord with flexibility trend and should re-established.

本章认为，信任不是对人的信任而是对制度的信任，因人性恶的存在，必须对受托人施加约束，而义务约束则是规范中的权利不可替代的。有效约束的目标在于并应定位于受益人利益最大化，该目标的利益主体仅是受益人而不包括委托人和"社会"，利益内容是经济利益而不包括精神利益。本章还认为，约束规范虽然大部分是任意性规范，但也存在强制性规范，即使是任意性规范也具有一定的强制性品格，委托人随意排除的意思受到限制。本章还指出，现代义务约束趋向灵活化，这种技术品质更有利于实现受益人利益的最大化，因而值得肯定。严格的自我交易规则不符合灵活性趋势，应该加以重构。

Pagans dwell forever in Limbo on the edge of Hell, suffering only the hopelessness of the unbaptized that can never reach God's presence. Yet Dante not only chose the vernacular for the Divine Comedy but also wrote a treatise in Latin urging others to follow his example. Furthermore, he modeled the style

神曲》描写了人类战胜邪恶、到达人生真善美境界和实现理想社会的故事，抨击了封建社会的精神支柱——天主教教会的各种罪恶，谴责了统治阶级的腐败和贪婪；赞美了现实生活，强调人的价值和理性的伟大，认为人对自己的命运具有不可推托的责任；提倡追求知识、反对蒙昧。

In the process for the realization of personality perfection, ethical standardization and moral education play an irreplaceably important role,because any kinds of ethical and moral value targets eventually all point to the successful completion and perfection of personality,to the people\'s all-round development.

而在实现人格完善的过程中，伦理的规范或道德的涵育起着不可替代的重要作用，因为，任何一种伦理和道德的价值旨归，最终都指向人格的完满与完善，指向人的全面发展。

Loving does not at first mean merging,surrendering,and uniting with another person(for what would a union be of two people who are unclarified,unfinished,and still incoherent), it is a high inducement for the individual to ripen,to become something in himself,to become world,to become world in himself for the sake of another person;it is a great,demanding claim on him,something that chooses him and calls him to vast distances.

它对于个人是一种崇高的力量，是去成熟并实现自身的完善，去完成一个世界，是为了另一个人而完成一个自己的世界，这是一个艰巨的、不可妥协的目标，用坚定的信念，召唤其走向更广阔的空间。

Loving does not at frst mean merging, surrendering, and uniting with another person for what would a union be of two people who are unclarified, unfinished, and still incoherent, it is a high inducement for the individual to ripen, to become something in himself, to become world, to become world in himself for the sake of another person; it is a great, demanding claim on him, something that chooses him and calls him to vast distance.

它对于个人是一种崇高的动力，是去成熟并实现自身的圆满，去完成一个世界，是为了另一个人而完成一个自己的世界，这是一个艰巨的。不可妥协的目标，用坚定的信念，向远方召唤。青年们应把爱当作他们的课业。他们的工作的意义，并在其中（&昼夜不停地探索。锤炼&）去使用那些给予他们的爱。

Loving does not at firs t mean merging, surrendering, and uniting with another person for what would a union be of two people who are unclarified, unfinished, and still incoherent, it is a high inducement for the individual to ripen, to become something in himsel f, to become world, to become world in himself for the sake of another person; it is a great, demanding claim on him, something that chooses him and calls him t o vast distances.

是一种糊涂的、不负责任的、轻率的结合）。它对于个人是一种崇高的动力，是去成熟并实现自身的圆满，去完成一个世界，是为了另一个人而完成一个自己的世界，这是一个艰巨的、不可妥协的目标，用坚定的信念，向远方召唤。

On the comparison between the old and new approaches of harmonisation with cases study,it could be observed that the essential requirements for the law-making of member states are the flexible standards that to be interpreted by the European Court in the different circumstances.

在共同体层面制定的法律，最终要在27个国家得到具体的实现；在这个过程中，法律的协调和一致化的引导是不可缺少的环节。就指令而言，在从欧共体到欧盟的几十年间，采用了&旧&、&新&两种不同的协调方法。

In contemporary Chinese socialist ideology in the process of innovation, language, and the executioners theory plays not ignore the construction of social justice, and as a socialist ideology, to realize the core idea of the free and full development of contemporary China should also be of socialist ideology is an important content of innovation.

在当代中国社会主义意识形态的创新过程中，语言、理论执行者的建设起着不可忽视的作用；同时将社会公正作为社会主义意识形态的核心理念；实现人自由而全面的发展也应成为当代中国社会主义意识形态的创新的重要内容。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。