不变性

Secondly, a commentarial review of this field is given to show the last evolution of it. Although many kinds of useful projective invariance have been derived so far, the sorts of 3D object to which they could be used are still very limited. So there are some needs to develop more powerful invariance for the 3D object recognition. Finally, in the last part of this paper, the future researches in this field are proposed.

0引言 众所周知，3D物体识别是计算机视觉研究的一项重要内容，由于其在军事、工业等社会诸多行业中具有潜在的、巨大的应用价值，半个世纪以来受到各国视觉研究者的广泛关注，并提出了众多的理论和方法川，其中基于几何不变性的3D物体识别方法有助于消除由于观察视角、摄像机参数等

Designed control points of plane form with homocentric arcs and ball markers.By the moment invariants and least-squared procedure of ellipse fit, the markers wererecognized and located automatically with high precision.

设计了平面型多重圆弧编码控制点及立体控制点，结合边缘矩的不变性和椭圆最小二乘拟合技术实现控制点的精确定位。

Then the 3D data from each stereo visionmeasuring unit can be translated into a unique frame of refrence.2. Designed control points of plane form with homocentric arcs and ball markers.By the moment invariants and least-squared procedure of ellipse fit, the markers wererecognized and located automatically with high precision.3. Studied the technology of camera self-calibration, according to the camerawith wide field of view, set up the distorted projection camera model.

通过被测物表面的控制点，将局部测量数据统一到全局坐标系中。2、设计了平面型多重圆弧编码控制点及立体控制点，结合边缘矩的不变性和椭圆最小二乘拟合技术实现控制点的精确定位。3、研究了相机的自标定技术，针对大视场相机的特点，建立了非线性相机成像模型，采用优化算法完成了相机的内、外部参数标定。

Base on the invariableness of lyapunov exponent, one can establish displacement forecast model, so intending slope displacement can be calculated through this model.

利用该指数的不变性就可以建立位移预测模型，这样就可以对边坡未来的位移变化做出预测。

The generation of sliding modes is the basic design idea resulting in decomposition of system motion and invariancy to uncertainties in plant behaviour.

新一代的滑动方式为基本设计思想在系统的运动和不变性导致的不确定性分解植物的行为。

This paper proposes an algorithm of infrared bicolor target recognition,in which 2D Fourier-wavelet transform is applied to extract the features of image,and the Fourier-wavelet description for the object recognition is regarded as vector characteristics,characterized with invariancy to translations,scaling and rotation.

该算法将通过二维傅立叶小波变换对图像提取的特征作为特征向量，这组特征向量具有旋转、平移和尺度不变性。

Can recognize objects invariantly with respect to shift, rotation and scale, and the computation is relatively robust and fast.

可以做到与平移、旋转和尺度无关的不变性识别，算法的鲁棒性和速度也较好。

In this thesis, an improved method is proposed to overcome the problem that the circular color histogram method does not take the spatial information of colors into account , combines spatial distribution information with image color features. The presented method adopt color space which has the visual uniform , three components carries on no laddered quantification, three components weighting summation composes the row of the circular color histogram construction, and improves retrieval quality, while rotation and translation invariance of color histogram are kept.

针对颜色直方图对图像的空间信息表现不够的问题，本文提出并实现了环形颜色直方图的改进方法，将图像颜色特征和颜色的空间分布信息相结合，采用具有视觉一致性的颜色空间，并把各通道分别进行非等间隔量化，采用各通道向量加权的形式把各通道组合为一个特征向量，提高了检索质量，并保持了原有算法的有效性和旋转不变性。

It has been widely used in recent years, for it not only solves some problems in computer graphics, such as arbitrary topology and compatibility, but also retains several advantages of traditional NURBS, including the properties of localness and affine-invariance.

由于细分曲面不但解决了计算机图形学中遇到的任意拓扑和一致性表示问题，而且还保留了传统NURBS曲面表示所具有的局部性、仿射不变性等良好性质，因而近年来得到广泛的应用。

It is proposed that the capacitance of a multiconductor system is invariant under local rotation.

第一次提出&导体系电容具有局部旋转不变性&的新结论，并用实验加以证实；指出这个结论适合于传输线问题； 9。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。