不变化的

This chapter tries to solve the following issues:as theconscious awareness of law-makers,the penalty-crimerelationship determines how to make law;as the form ofideas,the penalty-crime relationship regulates and guidesthe process of law-making and judicature;penalty andcrime as provided by law is nothing but the model for thepenalty-crime relationship presupposed and defined bylawmakers;the presupposition and definition of thepenalty-crime relationship is the value-based evaluativeactivity on the grounds of cognition;the change invalue-based criteria and the inherent contradiction of theobjective to beevaluated is the fundamental precondition for the definitionof the penalty-crime relationship;the change in classcontradiction is the basic cause for the change inevaluative criteria;the change in the objective to theevaluated reflects the demands and interests of the rulingclass to a certain extent,and lastly;as the evaluativeform of negating crime,penalty and its effectiveness dependheavily on the unity of compulsiveness and justice.

文章论述了刑罪关系作为立法者的自觉意识决定着刑事立法；刑罪关系作为观念的形式，规束并引导着立法和司法，法律中规定的犯罪与刑罚，是立法者设定的刑罪关系范式；刑罪关系的设定是以认识为基础的价值评价活动，价值标准的变动性和评价对象的内在矛盾性，是刑罪关系设立的根本前提，指出了阶级矛盾的变化是导致评价标准不确定的根本原因；评价对象的转移，在一定程度上反映出统治阶级利益的需要。刑罚作为对犯罪否定评价的方式，其有效性在于强制性与正义性的统一。

On the basis of referring to preceding relevant achievements and exploring the entirestate of the occurrence and development of the RMA,the dissertation focuses on theRMA's origin,essence and mechanism.Then,it draws some conclusions:(1)Far fromoccasionally,the RMA has specific interior factors and external conditions.As a resultof the demand for international political and military struggle and the advancement inscience and technology,the RMA conforms to the trend of the times.(2)As far as itsessence is concerned,the RMA is such a process,during which all countries reformmilitary system wholly in order to realize its informatization,integration andintelligentization after information and knowledge have become dominant factors ofmilitary strength owing to extensive application of high technology around informationtechnology in the military field.(3)During the extensive and thorough reformation in thewhole world,all factors vary sooner or later and affect one another,and promote theevolution of the military system to make the transition from mechanized form tointelligentized one.

论文充分借鉴、吸收前人的有关研究成果，在分析、考察世界新军事革命发生、发展的总体状况的基础上，由具体到抽象，重点探讨了新军事革命的发生动因、本质特征和运行机制，认为：新军事革命的发生与发展不是偶然的，而有其特定的内在动因和外部条件，它既是时代发展变化的客观要求，也是国际政治军事斗争需要与科学技术进步共同推动的结果；这场军事革命的实质，是在以信息技术为核心的高新技术广泛应用于军事领域，信息与知识日益成为军事力量的主导性要素的新条件下，世界各国根据系统原则对军事领域进行变革，努力促使整个军事系统实现信息化、知识化、一体化，进而形成全新的智能化军事形态的过程；新军事革命具体表现为广泛而深入的军事改革，在其发生与发展的过程中，军事诸要素先后变革并相互影响、相互作用，推动整个军事系统不断演进，逐步实现机械化军事形态向智能化军事形态的过渡，最终确立全新的智能化军事形态。

Some innovative results are listed below:1、According to the lithologic characters,lithofacies,genetic classification and the geomorphy,the Quaternary system is divided into piedmont-gully\'s and plain\'s. The piedmont-gully\'s Quaternary sediment,which is about 3～20 meters in thick,is in the western hills of the study area.The plain\'s Quaternary sediment is widely distributed in the study area,which is about 30～60meters thick and become thicker from southwest to northeast.2、The Quaternary sediments of plain can be divided into five sedimentary cycles.The Late Pleistocene series Quantan group,at the bottom of the Quaternary System,is constituted by a fluvial facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycle. The Late Pleistocene series Jiashan group,at the middle of the Quaternary sediment, is constituted by two fluvial facies-neritic facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycles.The Holocene series Binhai group,at the upper of the Quaternary sediment, is divided into three parts,the under layer and middle layer are constituted by two littoral facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycles,the upper layer is constituted by paludal facies,which was deposited at the lower-lying land like West Lake, Jiangcun-Gu dang,Xianghu lake,and coastal-estuary facies in other area.3、Folding and fault activities were weak in Quaternary and the tectonic activity had little influence on the Quaternary sedimentation.The ancient landforms,the evolvement of the river system and transgression were the main elements which controlled the Quaternary sedimentation in Hangzhou.The ancient landforms formed the basis of the Quaternary sedimentation.The evolvement of the river system and transgression individually or jointly controlled the Quaternary sedimentation of this area.4、The alternation of the climate was the main reason for the evolvement of the river systems and transgression,and it\'s also the reason why the Quaternary system of Hangzhou has the special sedimentary structure which is called soft interbed with hard layers.

通过研究取得了以下成果：1、根据岩性、岩相、成因类型和地貌特点，将本区第四系划分为山麓沟谷区沉积和平原区沉积：山麓沟谷区第四系主要分布于西部丘陵地区，厚度较薄且变幅大，一般厚3～20m；平原区第四系广布分区，由南西向北东逐渐增厚，一般厚30～60m.2、平原区第四系自下而上大体由五个完整或不完整的沉积旋回构成：底部上更新统全塘组，由河流相—河湖相的沉积旋回构成；中部上更新统嘉善组，由河流相—浅海相—河湖相两个沉积旋回构成；上部全新统滨海组，其下中两段由滨海海湾相—河湖相的两个沉积旋回构成，上段由西湖、蒋村—古荡、湘湖等低洼处沉积的湖沼相和其他地区沉积的滨海河口相构成。3、第四纪以来，研究区内褶皱、断裂活动微弱，构造运动对第四系沉积的影响不大，古地形、古水系的发育、变迁和海侵是杭州市第四系沉积的主要控制因素：古地形构成了第四系沉积的基底，水系与海侵在其后的不同阶段或分别或联合的主导了区内的第四系沉积。4、水系的发育、变迁和海侵的共同原因是天气变化，正是由于第四纪以来"冷热交替"的天气特点形成了杭州市第四系"软硬互层"的特殊沉积结构。

It studies taxi passenger's daily travel behavior feature: first, it analyzes temporal distribution of them and proposes the solution of dynamic management of taxis by limiting operation period; second, through investigating the uneven spatial distribution of taxi travel demand and nonlinear correlation of travel density and population density, it reveals the shortcoming of linear matching transportion facility with population number in traditional urban transport criterion, also it questions the limited effect of the licence management for taxis, and it proposes dynamically determing taxi scale according to different traffic zones; third, through exploring the taxi travel patterns in special zones, it reveal Hong Kong citizens travel behavior in Shenzhen, which could analyze the impact of demographic feature to the travel behavior and provide scientific testimony for designing transportion service for the special group; fourth, through accurately grasping the spatial-temporal distribution of taxi travel demand, it could provide innotiative and efficient transportion service at different time and in different place, such as taxi-sharing and flexible shuttle to meet the travel demand; through pervasive data, we could inspect urban expansion and sprawl, monitor the separation of inhatitantion center and employment center and reflect the variation of population centriod and distribution; finally, it reveals how to use digital feature of inhabitant daily travel to detect abnormal condition in the city.

对出租车乘客的日常交通行为特征进行了研究：通过对出租车出行时间分布特征的把握，提出采取限时营运的方法来对出租车进行动态管理的思路；通过分析出租车出行空间分布不均匀的特征以及出行密度与人口密度之间非线性的关系，揭示了传统城市交通规范中按人数来线性配套交通基础设施的缺陷以及牌照管理对于出租车管理的有限效果，提出按照区域动态确定营运出租车规模的思路；通过特定区域出租车出行特征的分析，揭示香港居民在深圳的交通行为特征，从而分析不同人口统计特征对于交通行为的影响，为设计这个特殊群体的交通服务提供科学依据；通过对出租车出行时空分布特征精确的把握，使得我们可以在不同时间、不同地点采用创新、高效的交通服务，如合乘出租车，高级穿梭巴士来满足出行需求；通过普适数据可以监测城市的扩张和蔓延、居住中心和就业中心的分离程度以及反映人口重心与分布的变化；最后探讨了如何利用居民日常出行的数字特征来检测城市异常状态。

New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 months old, 3-4 kg weight) were the test animals, and they were divided into three groups proceeding in this study. In group A:One PLLA screw and one commercial screw were implanted in the right tibia. Two PLLA screws were implanted in the left. Furthermore, one PLLA bar was implanted in both right and left tibia respectively with onlay model in group B. Also,one PLLA plate was implanted in the left tibia and one commercial plate in the right respectively with onlay model in group C . Many tests were done on each sample in 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks which included the observation of tissue response in group A, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss, molecular weight, crystallinity and morphology of fracture surface by scanning electronic microscopyin group B, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss and molecular weight in group C.

所使用实验动物为24只3-4个月大，体重3-4公斤的纽西兰兔，并将所使用材料及动物分为A、B、C三组进行。A组中於实验兔之右胫骨植入两支骨钉，一支为自制骨钉，一支为MacroPore市售骨钉，并钻一孔但不植入骨钉做为控制组；另於实验兔之左胫骨植入两支自制骨钉，另标示一区不钻孔不植入骨钉做为控制组。B组采用onlay1 模式於实验兔之左右胫骨各植入一自制长型片。C组也采用onlay模式於实验兔之左胫骨植入一自制骨板，於右胫骨植入一市售骨板，各於不同时间点( 1， 4及12周)将A及C组，而於( 1，4，8及12周)将B组内的植入物取出进行各种测试，包括A组的组织切片观察及B组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化、结晶度变化及扫描式电子显微镜观察断面型态改变及C组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化。

No matter what is going on they can always rely on body strength to complete; keen insight, specific objectives, with the tacit understanding, deep curiosity, attention to detail as well as the persistent belief in the tenacity of the wolf can be successful; they have a simple attitude and thinking of that aspire to the successful firm; in the wolf's life, there is no substitute for perseverance, which is why they can survive going through hardships, and the wolf's ability to manage change so that they become the vitality of the most one tenacious race; in order to survive, the wolf has maintained a harmonious symbiotic relationship with the natural environment, does not participate in unnecessary disputes and conflicts; they favor for their own people who have had a heavy feeling, you can use to repay life.

无论何事他们总能依靠团体力量去完成；敏锐的洞察力、专一的目标、默契的配合、深邃的好奇心、注意细节以及锲而不舍的坚韧信念能使狼获得成功；他们有着单纯的态度和思想，那就是对成功坚定不移的地向往；在他们的生命中，没有什么可以替代锲而不舍的精神，正因为如此他们才能经历千辛万苦并且生存下来，他们驾驭变化的能力使他们成为生命力最顽强的种族之一；为了生存，他们一直保持与自然环境和谐共生的关系，不参与无谓的纷争与冲突；他们对于自己有过恩惠的人很重感情，可以用生命来报答。

Compare with tunable filter detection technique, the wavelength measurement technique using tunable source is analyzed theoretically. We design a kind of all-fiber sensing interrogation system, by using long-period fiber grating as edge filter to interrogate the sensing signal of the FBG sensor. The wavelength resolution of the sensing measurement is 0.05nm.A novel FBG Bourdon tube sensor has been constructed, utilizing the pressure mechanic amplify function of Bourdon tube. The measured pressure sensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than a simple monomode fiber with an in-fiber grating. Especially the pressure sensitivity of the sensor can be determined by changing the parameters of the cantilever beam. Adopting polymer package technique, we coat fiber Bragg grating by using polymer with different mechanic properties.

利用波登管对于压力的机械放大作用，研制了一种新颖的光纤光栅波登管压力传感器，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了两个数量级，特别是这一传感器的压力灵敏度的大小可以通过改变悬臂梁自身的参数灵活控制；采用聚合物封装技术，将FBG封装于具有不同力学特性的有机聚合物基底中，利用基底的带动作用，将FBG对压力的灵敏度分别提高了20倍和31.7倍，由于我们采用了特殊的工艺，封装后的FBG不出现任何光栅啁啾；在成功封装的基础上对封装光栅的蠕变效应、FBG与封装材料之间的防滑处理等进行了实验研究；设计了外加圆柱形铝管的聚合物封装光纤光栅，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了1430倍，可用于对微小压力变化的精确测量。

When aborted rats were injected with 10 IU/g IFN-γin group D, compared with group A, expression of TNF-αinmmuopositive substance in the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami were highly increased, conversely, the ones in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, neurohypophsis, adenohypophysis, ovary were obviously decreased, the change in the uterus was not remarkable; Compared with group B, expression of TNF-αin the arcuatus hypothalami was obviously enhanced, while in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, ovary, the results were on the contrary, the uterus had no significantly variation; Compared with group C, expression of TNF-αin the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis and pars intermedia had an obviously risen trend, however, the variation in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, follicle and corpus luteum was completely opposite, uterus had no obviously change.

外源腹腔注射10 IU/g IFN-γ后，同A组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核显著降低，在其它核团较A组无显著差异，在神经垂体、垂体前叶、卵巢中阳性产物表达均较A组显著降低，在子宫中的表达较A组变化不明显；同B组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、神经垂体、垂体中间部、卵巢各部阳性物质表达均显著降低，在子宫表达变化不显著；同C组相比：D组下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、室旁核、弓状核、垂体前叶与中间部均显著增高，在视交叉上核、室周核、神经垂体、卵泡、黄体中均显著降低，子宫中表达变化不明显。

Using Field single ignition experiments of the four unconfined volume dispersion and small dosage solid FAE and TNT bombs experiments, we got the peak overpressures of solid FAE at different distances. Compared with TNT, The overpressure of FAE is 1.14~1.6 times higher than that of the TNT. Based on the theory of the air shock wave overpressure, the FAE relativity TNT mass is evaluated. At the edge of the explosive field, the number is 3.88. Pictures of high speed photography indicate that the duration and the most effect area of the FAE and TNT. Compared with TNT, obviously the FAE has more advantages. And, based on the theory of the critical concentration of dust explosion, the radius of dust explosive zone is evaluated. The phenomenon that the overpressure decays rapidly with distance is analyzed. It is suggested that the explosive temperature should be increased as the main approach to improve the FAE explosive capability in the condition when the over pressure is invariable.

通过四组无约束固态燃料空气炸药装置与等质量的TNT在野外开放空间的一次起爆对比实验，测得了不同配方组份FAE装置在不同距离的爆炸超压分布，FAE装置峰值超压比相同距离的TNT高1.14-1.6倍；并运用空气冲击波峰值超压公式计算出了FAE的等效爆炸TNT当量随距离的变化关系，在爆炸场边缘区，FAE装置爆炸当量达到了3.88倍TNT当量；通过高速摄影的图片得到了爆炸产生火球的持续时间和最大作用范围，与等质量TNT爆炸火球相比，FAE的优势明显；运用粉尘爆炸下极限浓度估算了云雾爆轰区半径，并分析了测量到的固态FAE爆炸场的压力分布单调衰减的原因；建议在保持超压不变的情况下，把提高爆温作为提高FAE爆炸性能的主要途径。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。