不变化

Tooby and Cosmides proposed some rules about functional analysis:①functional analysis should be expressed in adaptationist terms,②a set of phenotypic properties is not an adaptation if it is transient, varying from individual to individual,③adaptations should be distinguished from their expression (which may vary from context to context),④a set of phenotypic properties is not an adaptation if it was absent in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness,⑤a set of phenotypic properties is not an adaptation if it did not solve an adaptive problem in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness.

图比和考斯米戴丝提出了功能分析的原则：①功能分析应该用适应的术语来表达；②一系列表现型的特点如果是暂时的，在不同的个体身上发生变化，它并非是一种适应；③适应应该与它们的表现（在不同的情景中可能发生变化）区分开；④一系列表现型的特点如果在进化适应性环境中不存在，则不是一种适应；⑤一系列表现型的特点如果不能解决进化适应性环境中的一种适应性的问题，也不是一种适应。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

Root-derived organic carbon is composed of three compartments: root detritus, root eaudates and root symbionts, which represents a large important and potential C sink in forest ecosystems, The known responses of root derived organic carbon and heterotrophic microbes to elevated CO2 were reviewed. Overall, increases in root biomass, productivity, and exudation indicate an augmentation of C inputs into the soil via roots, although changes in root lifespan are still unclear and may modify this flux positively or negatively, Altogether, changes in root chemistry and morphology that may augment soil C storage under elevated CO2 include decreased N concentration and wider root diameter, Alternately, a shift in rooting depth upwards in the soil profile may increase average turnover rates of root detritus. Effects of CO2 concentration on C qualities of root exudates and root symbionts are the least understood components discussed here, Changes of soil heterotropic microbial activity and community under elevated CO2 still remained large uncertainties.

林木根源有机C包括根东通过根枯落物、根系分泌物和根共生菌周转3条途径向土壤输入的有机C，它是森林生态系统中一个重要的、潜在的C汇，综述了根源有机C与其微生物对CO2浓度升高的响应，虽然对根系寿命的变化尚不清楚，但CO2浓度升高将导致根系生物量、生产量、死亡量和分泌物的增加；同时，CO2升高亦促使根共生菌生物量的增加而增加了共生菌的C归还潜力，表明CO2升高使根源有机C的输入增加了，CO2农度升高情况下，根系化学性质和形态特征的这些变化均有利于增加土壤C的吸存；而根分布深度的降低则对土壤C吸存不利；CO2浓度升高对根分泌物和根共生菌质量的影响研究则极少，CO2浓度升高下土壤微生物活性和群落组成的变化存在较大的不确定性，目前CO2浓度升高下林木根源有机C对森林长期C吸存的贡献仍很不清楚。

Observing the incontinuity in electricity price, we study the decision theory of real options under jump diffusion processes. We analyze the impacts of jump factor on the triggering value in optimal timing of investment. We also try to extend the traditional theory of real options based on the changes of market conditions and investment behavior of investor. At last, the numerical methods are discussed.

本文以包含不连续变化因素的电力价格为对象，系统研究跳跃扩散过程下的实物期权决策理论，从理论和现实关系考察不连续变化因素对诱发投资最优时刻触发价值的影响，尝试在结合市场条件动态变化及投资者投资行为的基础上对传统实物期权理论进行扩展，最后分析了实物期权的数值计算方法。

In some conditions the fluctuation of stock price is not a continuous process,in order to imitate and analyze the uncontinuous process,a cusp catastrophe model of stock price is set up,in the mean time makes a brief analysis of this model,and finally gives some advices according to the analysis.

针对股票价格变化在某种条件下具有不连续性的问题，对这种不连续的股票价格变化进行了描述与分析。以突变理论为基础，建立了一个描述股票价格短期变化过程的尖点突变模型，并对该模型进行了简要分析。最后，根据分析结果提出了相应的政策建议

When the flow through the balance of the piston damping the flow of holes increases, the balance of the piston, the next increase in pressure on both sides of a balanced increase in the distance the piston increases, and vice versa reduced; and also because the spring stiffness is very small, so that shift the balance of the piston pressure required very few changes, so the flow through the Poppet head is not much change, so the first opening Poppet very few changes, to mention the pressure of moving the first opening can be said to remain unchanged, that is, when the pilot valve spring after a set, Poppet Head was opened, the balance piston chamber pressure remained basically unchanged.

当流经平衡活塞上阻尼孔的流量增加时，平衡活塞上、下两侧的压差增加，平衡活塞上升距离增加，反之则减小；又因为弹簧的刚度很小，使平衡活塞上移所需压差变化很小，所以通过提动头的流量变化也不大，因此提动头的开口变化很小，提动头开启的压力可以说是不变的，亦即当先导阀的弹簧一经设定后，提动头被打开时的平衡活塞上腔的压力基本保持不变。

There are no prominent variations of the micas in Li, F, Mn and Rb between zone c and zone d but sharp changes in these elements between zone d and zone e. In contrast to the primary micas in zone e, the altered micas in zone e show higher in F and Li but lower in Al. From zone a to zone e, the micas do not show remarkable variation in Na+K.

从c带到e带，随着Fe、Mg和Ti的减少，总体上表现为Al、Li递增，F、Mn和Rb递减的演化方向，但Li、F、Mn和Rb在c带和d带之间变化不明显，d带和e带之间却表现出急剧的变化。e带中的次生云母与原生云母相比，前者F、Li高而Al低，从a带到e带，Na+K变化不明显。

The content of different nutrient was variated in:change of soil organic matter in the rate of 6.32～35.83 g/kg,the coefficient variation was 29.72%,change of the soil available nutrient content was not the same,to the most obvious avail-P,the rate of change for the 4.00 to 91.60 mg/kg,the coefficient variation 68.81%,avail-N smaller the range, changes in the rate of 40～182 mg/kg,the coefficient of variation was 26.66%.The average of all soil nutrients are in the middle level of the plentiful-lack Index of available nutrient.

涿州市不同元素养分含量变异情况各不相同：土壤有机质变幅不大，变化幅度为6.32～35.83g/kg，变异系数为29.72%；土壤速效养分含量变幅不相同，以速效磷最为明显，变化幅度为4.00～91.60mg/kg，变异系数达68.81%；碱解氮的变幅较小，变化幅度为40～182mg/kg，变异系数达26.66%，各速效养分的平均值均在丰缺指标所划定的中等养分含量水平。

We performed a simulative test, which confirms that wavelet analysis can separate annual wobble and Chandler wobble. Our results show that this method can be used in astronomical geodynamies effectively. This paper is divided into two parts. The first is about statistic characteristic of polar motion. Polar motion includes secular motion, long period fluctuations, Chandler wobble, annual wobble and high frequency wobble. The secular motion is 3.4mas/year and towards 760W meridian. Long period fluctuations have difference periods in x-axis and y-axis. They are 31.7-year and 24-year in x-axis and 28.5-year and 22.9-year in y-axis. These 2~? decades fluctuations have an amplitude of about 30 mas , and are very nearly linearly polarized, with the observed motion of pole being almost entirely along a line between 360E and 1440W. There is a 55.4-year wobble whose amplitude is 9 mas. The amplitude of the interannual fluctuations is about 4? mas. The amplitude of long period fluctuations decreased after 1970. The annual wobble is a steady wobble. It retrograde wobble is only 1/20 of prograde wobble in amplitude.

本文的工作主要分为两部分：第一部分是通过分析POLE97序列，我们对极移的统计特性有了一个较全面的认识，极移主要包括趋势项、长周期项、Chandler项、周年项和高频项：趋势项的方向是西经76°，速度为每年3.4mas；长周期项中Markowitz 项在X、Y两个方向有不同的周期，它们分别是：X方向的两个周期是31.7年和24 年，Y方向的两个周期为28.5年和22.9年它们叠加在一起是一个线偏振运动，最大振幅约为30mas，偏振方向在西经144°和东经36°之间；极移的长周期波动中还存在一个 55.4年周期的圆周运动，振幅约为9mas；十年尺度变化的振幅在4～6mas之间，在Y 方向十年尺度的成份比较多，它们的周期在X方向和Y方向不是对应的；从七十年代年开始长周期变化的振幅明显降低；周年项是一个振幅稳定的摆动，在X、Y两个方向的振幅略有差别，逆向运动振幅大约为顺向运动振幅的1/20；Chandler摆动的振幅自1900年以来经历了几次较大的变化，其中包括1915年和1955年两次极大值，振幅分别达到0&。25和0&。28，以及1925～1940期间小于0.09的过程，Chandler项在X、Y 两个方向的振幅几乎完全相等，其逆向运动振幅不到顺向运动振幅的1/50。

RESULTS:Under room temperature,after YZH mixed with Ringer's solution,the pH...

结果 ：在室温条件下，茵栀黄注射液与林格配伍后，其pH值变化明显，并有大量白点产生；与GNS配伍后，24h内其pH值及黄芩苷的含量均无明显变化；与其它3种输液配伍后，在2h内其pH值及黄芩苷的含量均无明显变化，但与NS配伍后不溶性微粒数不符合规定。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。