不变

For Hu invariant moment having no scale invariance, two modified algorithms are proposed: one is based on the normalized central moment coming from the concept of image square and the other is based on constructing a new invariant moment.

主要贡献如下： 1。针对离散情况下Hu不变矩特征仅仅具有平移、旋转不变性，不具有比例不变性的问题，提出了两种改进算法：一种是从图像正方形概念演变而来的归一化中心矩的修正；另一种是重新构造新的不变矩特征。

It shows that if confined pressure σ3 and temperature T are constant, theeffect of axial stress σ1 on creep and creep rate is similar to that of clay stone.

通过对盐岩进行的不同温度和应力水平下的三轴蠕变试验表明，在围压σ3 和温度 T 不变时，轴压σ1 对蠕变和蠕变率的影响与泥岩相同。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Mathematic proof of the hypertonicity for this model is given using two different cases. Furthermore, the Riemann invariants for the multi-class traffic flow LWR model are studied by using characteristic line method, and the physical interpret of the Riemann invariants are also pointed out. The information in transfer is obtained, that is, the total density and the relative density hold the same.

用两种方法给出了该模型在不同情形下双曲性的数学证明，运用特征线方法研究并计算了任意等级MCLWR交通流模型的Riemann不变量，得到了其传递的交通信息，给出了Riemann不变量物理意义的解释，即总密度保持不变和相对密度保持不变，最后又从形式上指出了在多等级车流并行时，MCLWR与LWR两种交通流模型实际上是等价的。

Based on two algebra Riccati equation method especially the structure of the system Hamilton matrix and system observability theory, the role of invariant zeros in constructing system reduced order controllers was given. That is, by the suitable selection of free parameters of the system H(subscript ∞) controller, some points which were symmetry with the unstable invariant zeros about the imaginary axis became the stable poles of the system controller which were not observable and could be reduced from the system, thus could get further reduced order controller.

基于2代数黎卡提方程方法，特别是系统Hamilton矩阵的结构特点和系统可观测性理论，论述了不变零点在构造系统降阶控制器中所起的作用，即通过选择控制器的自由参量，使某些不稳定的不变零点关于虚轴对称的点构成系统控制器不可观的稳定极点，从而实现了控制器进一步降阶。

Here optimum'is reflected by theindex to be the smallestBut the controls through such sifting need not be real optimumones,because maybe there are other kind of variation or high order variation throughwhich the index have negative variation and the conditions are satisfied.

这里最优的意思是通过指标泛函最小来表示的但是这样筛选过的控制未必是最优的，因为还可能可以用其他方式的变分或高阶变分等来使约束条件不变而指标泛函的变分为正。

This very moment mood Real own because I very much treasure ourmeeting one another very very much, that has the certain fate, Ireally did not hope because of me the impulse idea, can cause oursentiment for a while to go bad Causes our friendship to change isnot good I really very much blame oneself, because own are the Chinese China'smatter manages again not not well also wants a type foreign countryold person to worry for me, I really very much do not have useful hereme only to be able with you to say again the sound sorry friend ofmine Hoped you can forgive my I since knew I have owed you to be very many always all do not have tobe able also to give you However this I have the difficulty to havein turn said with you, actually again I and you said previous two daysI had thought are very many, should I say with you, but when I makethe phone call for yours time I on regret But or said with you Againhere I hoped you do not blame me, I already very much to regret Triumphant I did not know I this action can let between us nearby thefriendship not be good Triumphant I knew the dissimilarity which weare the heart have cleverness but looked like you before to say,between us the communication really was very difficult to be verydifficult, but was in is difficult I also to hope which country nomatter you were at, perhaps worked I in there all to hope we couldhave the relation Between each other friendship is invariable, knewfinally is good..............

你好凯 此时此刻的心情。真实很很自己因为我很珍惜我们的相遇，那是有一定的缘分的，我真的不希望因为我的一时冲动的想法，会使我们的感情变坏。使我们的友谊变的不好。我真的很责备自己，因为自己是个中国人再中国的事办的不好还要样一个外国老人为我担心，我真的很没有用再这里我只能和您说声对不起我的朋友。希望你能够谅解我一次。我知道我欠你的很多一直以来都没有能够还给你。然而这依次我有困难有和你说，其实再我和你说的前两天我想了很多，我该不该和你说，可是当我把电话打给你的时候我就后悔。可是还是和你说了。再这里我希望你不要怪我，我已经很后悔了。凯我不知道我这次的举动会不会让我们之间的友谊边的不好。凯我知道我们是心有灵犀的但是就象你以前所说的一样，我们之间的沟通实在是很难很难，可是就算是在难我也希望不论你在哪个国家，或是在那里工作我都希望我们能有联系。彼此之间的友谊不变，知道最后好么。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

You are quite triumphant This very moment mood Real own because I very much treasureour meeting one another very very much, that has the certain fate, Ireally did not hope because of me the impulse idea, can cause oursentiment for a while to go bad Causes our friendship to change isnot good I really very much blame oneself, because own are the Chinese China'smatter manages again not not well also wants a type foreign countryold person to worry for me, I really very much do not have useful hereme only to be able with you to say again the sound sorry friend ofmine Hoped you can forgive my I since knew I have owed you to be very many always all do not have tobe able also to give you However this I have the difficulty to havein turn said with you, actually again I and you said previous two daysI had thought are very many, should I say with you, but when I makethe phone call for yours time I on regret But or said with you Againhere I hoped you do not blame me, I already very much to regret Triumphant I did not know I this action can let between us nearby thefriendship not be good Triumphant I knew the dissimilarity which weare the heart have cleverness but looked like you before to say,between us the communication really was very difficult to be verydifficult, but was in is difficult I also to hope which country nomatter you were at, perhaps worked I in there all to hope we couldhave the relation Between each other friendship is invariable, knewfinally is good..............

你很得意这一刻的心情真实的，因为我很treasureour会议的另一项极大，有一定的命运， ireally不希望因为我的冲动想法，可造成oursentiment了一会儿变坏，导致我们的友谊改变isnot好，我真的很责怪自己，因为自己是中国china'smatter管理又不是没有好，也想一类外商countryold人担心对我来说，我真的很没有有用hereme唯一能与你再次要说声对不起朋友ofmine希望你能原谅我，因为我知道我欠你太多，总是并非所有人都有创新型，也可以给你，但这次我有困难havein反过来说：与你，其实我和你说上两daysi还以为是很多，应该说，我与你，但当我出了电话，为你的时候我就后悔，但还是说你againhere希望你不怪我，我已经非常后悔胜利，我不知道我这一行动可以让我们之间附近thefriendship 没有好的胜利，我知道相异，我们正在进行的心脏有聪明的，但看上去像你以前说，我们之间的沟通真的是一件很困难的是verydifficult ，但在艰难的是，我也希望有哪个国家nomatter您的，或许工作，我在这里向所有希望我们couldhave的关系，彼此之间的友谊是不变的， knewfinally是好的。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

Based on some related concepts of shock disturbed system, weakening buffer operators with variable weights and strengthening ones with variable weights are established respectively. This subject defines buffer operator regulation degree which reflects effect strength to original sequence caused by buffer operator, and also studie the relationship between buffer operator regulation degree and variable weight. Consequently, the monotonicity nonvariable axim of buffer operator is put forward.

基于冲击扰动系统的相关概念，提出了变权缓冲算子的概念，分别构造了变权弱化缓冲算子和变权强化缓冲算子，定义了缓冲算子调节度来反映缓冲算子对原始序列的作用强度，并研究了缓冲算子调节度与可变权重之间的关系，在此基础上提出了缓冲算子的单调性不变公理。

At constant viscosity, by increasing the liquid flow rate, the liquid film's velocity is increased; at the same experiment condition, the frequency of the liquid film is same at the same radial direction; the air current has minimum effect on liquid film bottom flow velocity, while it has an obvious effect on liquid film surface flow velocity. The longer the distance between liquid film and the inlet, the lower the pulsatory frequency and longer the wavelength.

在粘度基本不变的情况下，随着液体质量流率的增加，液膜流动速度随之增加；在同一个实验条件下，沿圆管径向各质点的频率基本保持不变；气流场速度对液膜底层流动速度影响很小，对于液膜表面流动速度有着较大的影响；沿液膜流动方向，液膜的脉动速度逐渐增加，脉动频率降低，脉动波长变长，与报道的通过快速摄像得到的液膜发展趋势一致，证实用PDA研究液膜流动是可行的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。