不变

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

The results show that molecules of PEO〓 have priority to locate at the interface of PVF〓/PVC to reforce their interaction when content of PEOx was less than saturated concentration in the interface , and PEOx joined into the PVF〓 phase and /or the PVC phase; the particles size of dispersed phase, PVC, became larger when C was more than Cs; the blend became miscible when C was much more than Cs.

结果表明，aPS与sPS的非晶区相容，共混物中不存在aPS的独立相区；共混物的熔点及长周期不随共混物aPS含量的变化而有所改变；sPS的纤晶结构单元没有变化，共混物结晶度下降，aPS处于sPS的纤晶之间；sPS为α-晶型，其晶胞结构参数在共混前后不变，aPS没有进入到sPS的晶胞中。

Years later I Encounter them on the road- Words dry and riderless, The indefatigable hoof-taps. While From the bottom of the pool, fixed stars Govern a life.

多年以后我在路上遇到它们-言词干瘪无人驾驭，马蹄声声不疲不倦而从这水坑之底，不变的星星将一个生命统管。

Or that any action not in accordance with some tradition is mere romanticism; or that any undertaking which has not the support of proven experience is foredoomed to frustration; and that since experience has shown men to be invariably inclined to evil, there must be firm rules to restrain them, otherwise we shall have anarchy.

或者说，任何不依从一些传统的行为都只是浪漫主义；或者说不根据过去经验的行为，都注定要失败的；并且由于经验显示出人总是不变地倾向于罪恶，所以必须有严厉的规则来约束，否则我们就要陷入无政府状态了。

Bias toward perpetuating the status quo, which is seen as the 'safe' option even when it is not."

所以，就从容地面对。因为决定了的事，不一定不变，没决定的事，或许不会改变。

I like this不兴waves of love in the "roof of the light cavalry", all the deaths therefore become weak, perhaps can be burned villages, crows may migration, the bodies will rot, but it will not with love These fade and disappear, it is only slowly germination, soil broken arch, the gentle fragrance of blooming flowers, and then this fragrance wind disturbance, if isolated forever if we always seem Cantabile weep.

我喜欢这样波澜不兴的爱情，在《屋顶上的轻骑兵》里，所有的死亡都因此而变得软弱无力，也许村庄可以烧毁，乌鸦可能迁徙，尸体会腐烂，但是爱情却不会随着这些而消失退色，它只是慢慢地萌发，拱破土壤，轻柔地绽放出美丽的芬芳，然后，这芬芳随风飘散，永远若离若既，永远如歌似泣。

Carbon, excellent carbon steel systems, low-alloy system (including high-built steel), bridges, steel non-tax price of lowered 200 yuan / ton, container steel system does not tax price of lowered 150 yuan / ton, ship plate prices remain unchanged.

普碳、优碳钢系统、低合金系统、桥梁钢不含税价下调200元/吨，容器钢系统不含税价下调150元/吨，船板价格不变。

In Higher geometry , one of important points is to study graphic invariance and invariant in terms of projective trans formation and the feafures of prime and combination are its main and constant oners.

在高等儿何中，它的一个重要内容是研究图形在射影变换下的不变性和不变量，而同素性和结合性又是它的主要不变性质。

It is an ever-fixed mark,That looks on teempests and is never shaken;It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose worth's unknown,although his height be taken Love's not Time's fool,though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle's compass come;Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,But bears it out even to the edge of doom.

爱是恒久不变的标记，它凌驾于风暴之上，巍然屹立；对于迷舟，它是指引方向的星宿，他价值无量，尽管高度可求。爱不为时间愚弄，尽管朱唇和芳容都将屈服于那一弯镰刀的席卷之中，爱不随光阴荏苒改变，它将延续到生命终点。

In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured.

关于船舶的国籍不存在默示保证，也不存在风险期间其船籍不变的默示保证。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。