不分化的

The RGCMSplants in RGCMS-117A or S45A were complete male sterile at the bothtemperature conditions,and there was no pollen sac differentiation at thehigher temperature condition and there were 1-3 pollen sacs in each anther atthe lower temperature condition,but the anther development was inhibited atthe stage of microspore.

表现核质不育的植株，在高温条件下表现彻底波里马细胞质雄性不育，无花粉囊分化；在低温条件下，也表现彻底雄性不育，具核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出1-3个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与S45A和117A相同。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

On the functional differentiation,we found and that the type II ras-GTPaseactivating protein (p100-GAP),which was specifically expressed in humanplacenta,was largely expressed in the highly-differentiated syncytiotrophoblastcells and moderately expressed in the cultured intermediate trophoblast cells.While in the non-differentiated cytotrophoblast cell line-NPC,no expression was observed.Its mRNA and protein expressingcharacterization was in consistent with that of hCGβ,which was one of the mostimportant markers of the trophoblast cell functional differentiation.In addition,the expressing amount of p100-GAP increased with the progressing of pregnancyand the syncytium formation in vitro.

细胞功能分化的研究结果表明：经重组质粒的构建获得特异表达于人胎盘的p100－GAP的cDNA探针后，从蛋白和分子水平证实p100－GAP大量表达于分化程度高的合体滋养层细胞，少量表达于体外培养的中间型滋养层细胞，而非分化的细胞滋养层细胞NPC则不表达，这种表达特性与作为滋养层细胞功能分化重要指标之一的hCGβ高度一致；p100-GAP表达量还随妊娠过程和体外合体化过程而逐渐增加。

A nucleoside, C10H14N2O5, composed of thymine and deoxyribose.

不分化的不再分化下去的，例如细胞或组织

On one hand,hES cells can maintain undifferentiated state under certain circumstance.

一方面，它能在体外特定的环境下保持不分化的状态并且无限扩增。

According to our results, since BaP increased the expression of COX2 and pp38 to reduce the osteoblast differentiation and this phenomenon can reverse by treatment of NS398, but not by treatment of SB203580, suggesting that COX2 activation plays an important role on osteoblast differentiation. Adlay could increase osteoblast differentiation, in co-culture system, and reverse the osteoporotic status in mice, would be a helpful healthy food for enhance osteoblast differentiation. However, about, TBT, we didn't have enough data to support its effect on the differentiation of osteoblast or osteoclast.

所以依据我们所做出的实验结果，虽然苯骈芘会增加COX2和pp38的蛋白表现，但造骨细胞的分化作用仍下降，但若同时添加NS398，则分化能力有恢复现象，这或许可推测说COX2活性在抑制造骨细胞分化上扮演了一个重要角色；薏苡仁在共同细胞培养可以增加造骨细胞的分化作用，且对骨质疏松状态的小鼠具有缓解的能力，因此或许是能促进造骨细胞分化的营养食品；至於三丁基锡由於实验的数据不多，推测其或许并不影响造骨细胞和破骨细胞的分化作用。

In this thesis, we find that dlg is indispensible in the establishment of anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral polarity of drosophila oocyte. Removal of Dlg function from the posterior follicle cells using the FLP/FRT system leads to disruption of oocyte skeleton reconstruction that is elicited by the failure of those posterior cells to differentiate normally in mid-oogenesis. We demonstrate that abnormity of Notch, JAK-STAT and EGFR signal pathway in dlg mutants contributes to this aberrant differentiation. dlg null mutant also blocks the normal differentiation of two groups of anterior follicle cell-stretched cell and centripetal cell, but not border cell, with a lower penetrance. However unlike the result in posterior follicle cells, Notch and JAK-STAT signaling are both undisrupted in all mutant anterior follicle cells, implying other fate determinants may be involved.

我们的研究发现，后端滤泡细胞中的Dlg在果蝇卵子发生中期卵母细胞前后轴和背腹轴建立过程中也是必须的，PFC中dlg完全缺失型突变引起PFC的分化异常，导致卵子发生中期卵母细胞骨架重组异常，Stau、Grk等极性决定蛋白定位错误。dlg突变阻碍了Notch、JAK-STAT、EGFR等调节PFC分化的信号通路的激活。dlg突变的PFC也没有获得前端滤泡细胞命运。dlg突变不影响前端滤泡细胞群中边界细胞的分化，但是在一定程度上影响伸展细胞和向心细胞的分化，并且这种影响不依赖于前端滤泡细胞Notch或JAK-STAT信号激活的异常。

As Peter Saville explains, it needed to be someone who wouldn't "polarise opinion."

正如彼得萨维尔说，它需要得到别人谁不&分化的意见。&

The results showed that the carrot of different genotypes responded differently with the plant growth regulators. There was no significant difference on the three kinds of callus inducing medium for cultivar Linfeng. In contrast, the rate of embryogenic callus and the number of resistant plants in cultivar Japanese black filed five inch was raised with increasing plant growth regulator concentration.

结果显示：不同基因型胡萝卜的分化对激素浓度的反应不同，林丰改良五寸参在3种培养基上的胚性愈伤率差异不显著；日本新黑田五寸参胚性愈伤率和每个外植体分化的抗性株数随激素浓度的提高而呈上升趋势，2，4-D和6-BA浓度为1.0mg/L时胚性愈伤率和每个外植体分化的抗性株数最高，分别为87.50%和59株；日本新黑田五寸参以bar基因为标记基因、PPT作筛选剂时，分化较好。

Background: The stem cell is a kind of cell which can keep alive for a long term and has a few of differentiation potencies. While, the progenitor cell is a kind of cell keeping one or double ways of differentiation and the capability of its differentiation, self-renew and self-maintenance is confined.

一、研究背景干细胞是一类不分化而长期生存且保持多种分化潜能的细胞群，而祖细胞是一类分化能力、自我更新、自我维持能力受限制，只有单向或双向分化潜能且生存时间相对较短的细胞群。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。