不公正的惩罚

I think you got a bum rap from your company.

我想，你受到了公司不公正的惩罚。

Sometimes, a fall guy may not realize he is the fall guy until he is the victim of a bum rap.

有时，一个替罪羊直到受到不公正的惩罚时才意识到了自己上当受骗了。

When the determent of punishment andtheeffectofreformation counteract the effect of anti law,criminal punishment has no relation to future crimes.

以人的尊严和情感反应为视角，研究程序公正和刑罚效果的关系，可以得出以下结论：经历认为是公正的惩罚和认为是公正的惩罚程序，将会对刑罚和适用刑罚的程序产生认同感，从而产生刑罚的威慑和改造效果，这将减少未来的犯罪；经历认为是不公正的惩罚和认为是不公正的惩罚程序，有可能导致对廉耻的淡漠、无知和对刑事法律甚至对法律整体的傲慢，这些将增加未来的犯罪；而在刑罚威慑、改造的效果和对抗法律的效果相抵消时，刑罚惩罚和未来的犯罪无关。

This more cautious determinist says that whatever the expressions 'voluntary', etc . may mean , unless we have reasonable grounds for thinking there are no such laws, the distinctions drawn by these expressions cannot be regarded as of any importance, and there can be neither reason nor justice in allowing punishment to depend on the presence or absence of excusing conditions .

这一较慎重的怀疑论者声称，无论"自愿的"等表述可能意味着什么，除非我们有合理的根据认为，不存在这样的规律，这些表述所划定的任何区别，都不能被视为有任何意义，而且，在允许惩罚取决于免责条件的有无方面，既不合理也不公正。

This has finally been eliminated from English law by the Homicide Act 1957 in deference to the conviction that it is unjust or in some way inconsistent with enlightened principles of punishment that a person should be convicted of murder if he killed a person while engaged upon some felonious act not in itself likely to result in the death of, or grievous injury to , another person..

这它最终已被1957年的《杀人法》基于对这样一种确信的服从而从英国法律中废除。，这一确信便是，如果某人在着手实施本身似乎不会导致另一人死亡或重伤的重罪行为时，致死了一个人，那么，对其应判定为谋杀，便是不公正的或者在某种程度上是和开明的惩罚原则相矛盾的。

IX. And also sundry grievous offenders, by color thereof claiming an exemption, have escaped the punishments due to them by the laws and statutes of this your realm, by reason that divers of your officers and ministers of justice have unjustly refused or forborne to proceed against such offenders according to the same laws and statutes, upon pretense that the said offenders were punishable only by martial law, and by authority of such commissions as aforesaid; which commissions, and all other of like nature, are wholly and directly contrary to the said laws and statutes of this your realm.

而且，各种各样犯有重罪的人，通过这样的幌子要求免除审判，已经逃脱根据王国内的法律和条令他们应得的惩罚，其原因就是若干国王的审判官员和大臣以前述的罪人应按军事法律，应由前述的代理人的权力来惩罚为借口，不公正的拒绝或避免根据同样的法律和条令审判这些人；这些委托函，以及其它所有这一类的东西，均完全的与王国内前述的法律和条令相违背。良好的人性，恰当的理性，和对上帝的信仰。规则的美在于简单，个性的美在于丰富，语言的美在于逻辑。

As a result, normal, unobjectionable, international trade, and the foreign and U.S.

结果，涉及到外国和美国公司的正常的、无可非议的国际贸易，总是可能遭到不公正的惩罚。

Acquaintance. The strongest motives, the most furious passions,fear, hatred, and resentment, are scarce sufficient to balancethis natural disposition to respect them: and their conduct must,either justly or unjustly, have excited the highest degree of allthose passions, before the bulk of the people can be brought to

最强烈的动机，最激烈的情感、恐惧、仇恨乃至怨怒，都不足以抗衡对他们自然而然的尊敬之情：在民众被唤起以暴力反抗他们，或想亲自目睹看他们遭到惩罚或废黜之前，他们的行为，公正也好，不公正也罢，无论如何都早已最大限度地激发出那些情感。

These, under colour of a right of patronage which they pretend to hold in ecclesiastical benefices, without the support of any apostolic privileges, or of collations or letters from the ordinaries, or even of any pretence of a title, presume to confer benefices not only on clerics but also on layfolk; to punish at their own whim priests and clerics who are at fault; to remove, purloin and usurp in an arbitrary way, either directly or by ordering others, the tithes of everything on which they are obliged by law to pay, as well as tithes belonging to cathedrals, and other things which pertain to diocesan law and jurisdiction and are the exclusive concern of bishops; to forbid such tithes and any fruits to be taken out of their cities, lands and territories; to seize and unjustly hold fiefs, possessions and lands; to induce and compel, by threats, terror and other indirect means, the granting to them of fiefs and goods of churches and the conferring of ecclesiastical benefices on persons nominated by them; and not only to permit but even expressly to command very many other losses, damages and injuries to be inflicted on the aforesaid clerics and churches and their prelates .

这些，根据肤色的赞助权，他们假装在教会举行benefices ，不支持任何使徒特权，或排序或来信普通，甚至任何藉口标题，擅自不仅赋予benefices对神职人员，而且layfolk ；来惩罚自己心血来潮神父和神职人员谁是罪魁祸首；删除，窃和篡夺任意方式，直接或通过命令他人的什一税的一切，他们都必须受到法律支付的金额，以及什一税属於教堂，和其他的东西涉及到拔萃的法律和管辖权，并独家关注主教；禁止任何此类什一税和将要采取的水果离开自己的城市，土地和领土；抓住和不公正举行领地，财产和土地；诱导和强迫，威胁，恐怖和其他间接方式，给予他们的领地和货物的教堂和赋予教会benefices关於他们提名的人选；不仅允许但是，即使明确指挥很多其他损失，损害和伤害是对上述神职人员和教堂，他们的主教。

The ship was no sooner gotten out of the Humber, but the wind began to blow, and the winds' to rise in a most frightful manner; and as I had never been at sea before, I was most inexpressibly sick in body, and terrified in my mind: I began now seriously to reflect upon what I had done, and how justly I was overtaken by the judgment of Heaven for my wicked leaving my father's house, and abandoning my duty; all the good counsel of my parents, my father's tears and my mother's entreaties came now fresh into my mind, and my conscience, which was not yet come to the pitch of hardness to which it has been since, reproached me with the contempt of advice, and the breach of my duty to God and my father.

我们的船刚驶出亨伯河就刮起了风，风越刮越大，大得吓人；因为我从未出过海，晕船的痛苦难以形容，心理上又非常害怕。这时，我开始认真反省自己的行为。老天就这么公正地惩罚我这个背弃父母、放弃责任的逆子啊！这时，我父母的忠告，父亲的眼泪和自己的诺言，一一浮现在脑海。我的良心当时尚未像后来和现在这样顽固和死硬，我自然要对自己忽视忠告、对上帝和父亲不尽天职的行为加以谴责。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。