不交际

Language is the use of certain language environment can be completed. Communication is inseparable from the conduct of the activities of the main -- and can not be separated from communication on the time, place, subject, purpose, Situational factors such occasions and without specific socio-cultural atmosphere.

语言的运用是在一定的语言环境中才能完成的，语言交际离不开进行这一活动的主体——人，离不开交际的时间、地点、话题、目的、场合等情景因素，也离不开具体的社会文化氛围。

These thoughts may be terrifying and can cause fearfulness, withdrawal, agitation or violence.

这些想法可能会使患者处于恐惧中，从而引起害怕、不交际、焦虑甚至暴力行为。

However, communication comprises not only language, but also nonverbal language, such as body language, gesture and material objects.

但语言不是唯一的交际工具，交际工具还包括体势语、情态语、实物语等在内的大量的非语言交际形式。

Nowadays, the modern world is narrow and small, people communicate with each other more often and keep in touch with the external world. However, there is always misunderstanding or conflict between one another due to the misusage of language.

现代社会是一个狭小的世界，人们交流频繁、沟通无限，无时无刻不与外界保持着密切联系，但是在交际中由于交际者使用语言不得体而导致误解和冲突的现象时有发生。

These strategies function as the ostensive stimuli to attract the audience's attention on the one hand and to direct the audience to proceed towards the optimal relevance on the other hand.

听话人接受到明示信息，以关联为取向进行推理。广告是一种特殊的交际形式，在广告交际过程中由于广告自身的功利性易使广告受众采取不信任、不合作的态度，这正是广告交际与其他文体语言交际的不同之处。

Phatic language,being one of the most frequently used language forms in our daily life,plays an important role in communication among both native and non-native speakers.Phatic language differs greatly from one culture to another due to the different language environment in which the speakers live.Therefore,language users have to pay close attention to inter-cultural study in order not to make serious blunders during their discourses.

文摘：应酬语是人们在日常生活中用来交际的一种语言现象，由于每个国家或民族的文化和社会习俗相互之间存在很大的差异，人们所使用的应酬语也不尽相同，因此，英语学习者和从事语言教学和研究的工作者必须对跨文化方面的语言现象进行研究，从中找到它们的共性与差异，以避免在语言交际过程中产生不必要的错误和误解。

Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy,unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or make friends.

珍坭是个腼腆的，不喜欢交际的人，而她的妹妹的性格却恰恰相反，由此可以断言， gregarious 就是"善于交际的"或"好交际的"。

Cyber communication space, different from the common communication environment, is a virtual one with variant context elements such as the subjects, goals and communicators of communication, nonlanguage and social culture, etc.

虚拟的网络交际空间形成了网络交际不同于日常交际的新交际环境。

From the analysis, we can conclude that at least three aspects will cause cross-cultural pragmatic failure: a. The intersection of pragmeme subset A and pragmeme subset B is an empty set; b. Interlocutor A's pattern of pract elements coupling is different from that of interlocutor B's; c. The outranging of allopract causes the transferring from a pragmeme to another pragmeme. The three aspects of pragmeme theory enrich the studies on cross-cultural pragmatic failure.

通过分析，我们得出跨文化语用失误的原因有三：第一，交际者双方对于某一语用行为的语用位交集为空集时会导致跨文化语用失误；第二，交际者双方选择的语用素集合中元素之间耦合方式不相同时会导致跨文化语用失误；第三，交际者一方的语用变体超出对方语用位范畴时会导致跨文化语用失误。

Although disagreement is not incongruent with politeness maxims, it has different specific forms and corresponding strategies in specific contexts, particularly in the pedagogical context, in which disagreement occurs frequently and naturally between interlocutors, but the purpose of disagreement is to present their different academic points of view in an effort to find out the final correct solution to the arguments, and on most occasions interactive meaning overweighs the considerations of the addressee while both of interlocutors will not feel face being threatened.

从这一意义上说，该行为与礼貌原则是不相违背的，但是说话人通过行使这一行为特殊的言语功能是为了实现要表达与会话另一方观点不一致的看法或想法的交际意图，所以其表达不赞同的程度除了礼貌方面的考虑外，还要受到使用它的具体语境的影响，从而影响行使这一言语行为的相应策略。换句话说，考虑不赞成言语行为在实际交际过程中礼貌与否，要看它发生的具体语境，而不能单纯地用礼貌原则来解释，更何况不同文化背景下的礼貌准则各有侧重，各有偏差。

So that more consumers can enjoy more delicious quality, technology is even better than wine.

让更多的消费者可以品尝到品质更为鲜美，工艺更为精湛的葡萄酒。

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在你最喜爱的文本编辑器中将它打开。