下骨突

The histopathological findings of the partial ADD included the loss of chon- drocyte, horizontal splitting of the condylar cartilage and synovitis at early stage, and the hyperplasia of chondrocyte, the disarrangement of collagen fibers at late stage, but the articular surface remained intact.

完全性关节盘前移位和关节盘穿孔的组织病理研究发现，髁状突软骨变薄，部分区域软骨丧失，软骨细胞增生成族，肉芽组织形成，软骨及软骨下骨出现水平及垂直裂隙，软骨下骨纤维形成，甚至出现囊肿。

The characteristics of skull bones are; underdevelopment of paramostoid process of the occipital bone; unjointing of zygomatic process from its arch with no supraorbital foramen; formation of semiglobal structure by petrous temporal bone;no naso -maxillary notch between nasal bone and nasal process of premaxilla; unobvious facial surface of lacrimal bones;well-developed nasal process of premaxilla; no facial crest of maxillae's exterior;...

头骨的主要特征是：枕骨的颈交不发达，眶上突不与颧弓相连，无眶上孔；颞骨岩部形成半球形鼓泡，鼻骨与颌前骨的鼻突之间不形成鼻颌切迹；泪骨几乎无颜面部；颌前骨的鼻突发达；上颌骨外面无面嵴；腭骨发达；犁骨腹缘后部不与鼻腔底壁接触；下颌骨支下缘无血管切迹、垂直部后下方有一角突。

Anterior clinoid process and the upper margin of the optic canal were ground by using a high-speed drill according to the location of the tumor.

取下骨瓣，磨除蝶骨嵴，剪开硬膜，分开外侧裂。依据肿瘤的位置用微钻磨除前床突和视神经管上壁。

There hae been a few reported cases of bursal osteochondromatosis inoling the retrocalcaneal, subacromial, and subcoracoid bursae2,10,11; howeer, infrapatellar bursal osteochondromatosis has neer been reported in the English-language literature, to our knowledge.

已报道的粘液囊骨软骨瘤病病例包括跟骨后、肩峰下及喙突下粘液囊的骨软骨瘤病；然而，据我们所知，髌骨下粘液囊骨软骨瘤病的报道却从未在英文文献中见到过。

Results: In the experimental group, both TBV%(the fraction of trabecular bone volume) and MTT of the condylar subchondral bone were significantly decreased, whereas the RS%(the fraction of resorptive surface) and OS%(the fraction of osteoid surface) significantly increased.

结果：实验组大鼠髁突软骨下骨小梁相对体积减小，平均宽度变薄，而骨小梁吸收表面百分比与类骨质表面百分比比对照组均增加。

Continuing inferiorly and anteriorly , the main trunk runs superficial to the internal carotid artery but deep to the jugular vein , external carotid artery , and styloid process to the deep surface of the stylopharyngeus muscle , which it innervates . The glossopharyngeal branch to the pharyngeal plexlus leaves the nerve trunk by the time it has crossed the stylopharyngeus muscle , and passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the internal and external carotid arteries to the main trunk to join branches of the Vagus Nerve and the cervical sympathetic nerves to form the pharyngeal plexus on the middle constrictor muscle at the level of the hyoid bone .

舌咽神经主干继续向下、向前走行于颈内动脉的表面、颈内静脉、颈外动脉及茎突的深面，横过茎突咽肌深面，绕该肌中部下缘弯向前行，并发出分支支配该肌，穿过茎突咽肌后，舌咽神经的分支一咽支脱离主干，向下向前走行于颈内动脉及颈外动脉分叉处，与迷走神经的分支及颈交感神经的分支一起组成咽丛，咽丛位于舌骨水平的咽中缩肌上。

Condylar subchondral bone of the TMJs of rats was studied by using bone histomorphometric method.

应用骨组织形态计量方法观察大鼠髁突软骨下骨结构变化。

Methods: thirty-four Japanese white rabbits are used as experimental animals. Under no destroying the posterior ligaments, expose the fifth and sixth transverse processes and intertransverse membrane. The transverse processes are decorticated. On each side bone graft bed the following four kinds of grafts are put, they are: autologous iliac crest、allograft+rhBMP-2、xeograft+rhBMP-2、and xeograft+HA.

34只成年日本大耳白兔，在不破坏脊柱后侧稳定结构的前提下，显露双侧的L5、L6横突，用磨钻去皮质，然后每侧分别随机地植入2.5ml左右的下列四种植入物：自体髂骨、同种冷冻干燥异体骨+rhBMP-2、异种冷冻干燥骨+rhBMP-2、异种冷冻干燥骨+HA。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 3, 7, 14, 28 days after the application of traction and 3, 7, 14, 28 days after the removal of traction, the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin in the subchondral bone of the bilateral condyles was analyzed by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry.

主要观察指标：加力3，7，14，28 d及撤除外力后3，7，14，28 d，以免疫组织化学半定量检测双侧髁状突软骨下骨中核因子κB受体活化因子配基/骨保护素表达。

The results showed that the muscle weight of botulinum toxin injection side decreased. The craniofacial morphology of the botulinum toxin injection side were smaller in distances of zygomatic arch to mandibular lower border and ramus height than that of the normal saline injection side.

结果发现实验组大白鼠施打肉毒杆菌神经毒素侧其咬肌重量较施打生理食盐水侧及对照组小，其颅颜骨型态在颧骨弓至下颚骨缘距离，冠状突切迹最前端至下颚骨角状突最下点距离，均小於生理食盐水侧距离，有统计上之差异。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了