下颚

By using the technics of scanning electron microscope, the shape, amount and distribution of the antennal, maxillary and labial palps, urogomphi sensilla of the larva Carabus prodigus were observed and their function were discussed.

摘 要：应用环境扫描电镜对奇步甲幼虫触角、下颚须、下唇须和尾突感器进行观察，对各类感器的数量、长度及分布特点等进行描述，并探讨各类感器的功能。

This was a female adult case of severe bimaxillary dental alveolar protrusion and open bite. Fortunately, it was not combined with bimaxillary prognathism and her skeletal relation is neutral, no Class Ⅱor Class Ⅲ feature was noted.

&锚定控制&在治疗严重上下颚前突的病例中是非常重要的工作，虽然现在已有微植体的植入可以帮忙达到理想中的&绝对锚定&，但对患者而言，再简单的手术都有风险及压力。

This article is a report of sever maxillary protrusion or bimaxillary protrusion cases. They had four first premolar extraction, but the outcomes were not so satisfied. So four first molars were extracted later, and this contributed to a good profile.

此篇文章的主要目的即以骨骼性或齿槽性之严重上颚或上下颚前突病例，在拔除第一小臼齿矫正处置后，因必要再拔除大臼齿继续处置，最后得一良好侧貌的报告。

A pair of razorsharp incisor tasks jut forward from the lower jaw and grind against two blunter versions in the upper jaw.

象剃刀那样锋利的一对门牙从下颚向前突出，可以与上颚的两颗较粗钝的牙对称嚼食。

The study confirmed that the range of sensilla on the maxillary palps included two types of basiconic sensilla, which are both mechanosensory and chemosensory, and one type of campaniform sensilla.

研究证明分布在下颚须上的感器类型包括两种锥形感器(兼有机械感受器和化学感受器的功能)和一种钟形感器。

This in vivo study was to examine the historical changes of implanted novel chitosan/collagen composite barrier for confirming the clinical feasibility. Four other commercial GTR membranes were chosen for comparison. Among the resorbable GTR membranes, BioMend Extend and Peri-Aid are collagen base, and GORE-TEX OSSEOQUEST is synthesized membrane, while GORE-TEX e-PTFE (Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) is synthesized but non-resorbable. Beagle dogs were used as animal model. Buccal mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected in the bilateral mandibular premolar and molar areas. Buccal alveolar bone was reduced on 1st、2nd premolar and molar to a level 5 mm apical to the cemento-enemel junction. Root surface was denuded of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed at the bone level of each root. The tested GTR barriers were implanted in critical bone defect areas. Flaps were coronally positioned and sutured. Two beagle dogs were sacrificed each time as the designed time period after surgery. Histological and histometirc evaluation at 7 days、14 days、28 days、3 months were performed post-operatively to determine the healing response of each treatment modality.

本研究之目的在评估与工研院生医中心合作发展出可吸收性去乙醯几丁聚醣/胶原蛋白复合之组织导引再生膜片，并选择与可吸收性之BioMend Extend 及Peri-Aid 胶原蛋白膜片，和GORE-TEX OSSEOQUEST 合成高分子膜片，及不可吸收之GORE-TEX e-PTFE合成高分子膜片，等其他四种市售商品材料共同对照评估，应用8只年龄为12个月的雄性小猎犬，均分4组(分别为7天、14天、28天、3个月)，为动物活体评估模式，在实验犬之左、右下颚第一、二小臼齿及大臼齿的颊侧区制造骨缺损后，分别植入组织导引再生膜片，依实验设定时间将小猎犬牺牲，取下缺损区骨头，以光学显微镜观察量测其牙垩质再生高度与齿槽骨再生高度之变化，以探讨其组织再生模式及评估新膜片在临床应用之适用性。

It is showed that Class Ⅲ malocclusion samples in this study were significant characterized with longer mandibular corpus, smaller condyle and coronoid process. Meanwhile, the prominence of size difference on chin area was observed, associated with maximum size difference localized on menton area.

两组的有限元素形态分析法(finite element analysis morphometry)比较结果显示：三级异常咬合者有较长的下颚骨体，颏部区域也比正常咬合者大，但condyle及喙状突则较小；另外menton附近区域有最大但是小范围的尺寸差异，是三级异常咬合者和一级正常咬合的差异特徵。

Desmoplastic fibromas are rare, benign bone tumors that histologically resemble desmoid tumors of the soft tissue. Most examples of desmoplastic fibromas of the bone are discovered in patients younger than 30 years, and there is no gender predilection. A desmoplastic fibroma may involve any bone but is most frequent in the mandible.

致密纤维瘤是一种罕见的良性骨头肿瘤，在组织学和生物行为上和软组织的硬纤维瘤很相像，多半发生在小於30岁的年轻人，男女比例均等，好犯下颚骨或身体其它的长骨。

I did not know that your idea is anything, such life is really very tired, if you are want to let me leave, so long as moved a lower mandible to be good, I will not be entangling you, asked you, did not like me dropping! I am quite tired.

我不知道你的想法是什么，这种生活真的很累，如果你是想让我离开，让下颚更低一点，我不会再纠缠你，再问你，不喜欢我放弃！

Fig3-5 Profound Class II division1 protrusion of the maxillary incisors leads to condylar pressure against the articular eminences , as the mandible unsuccessfully seeks incisal contact in excusive movements.

图3-5很深的二级一类上颚门齿的前突，当下颚离心运动时无法成功的寻找门齿接触时，会导致髁头在关节隆凸的压迫。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。