下颌骨

The treatment of PPS tumor is primarily exairesis by the transoral approach, cervical approach, cervical-parotid approach, mandible split swing approach and maxillary swing approach.

PPS肿瘤的治疗以手术切除为主，手术径路有经口径路、颈侧径路、颈腮腺径路、下颌骨裂开外旋径路、上颌骨外旋径路。

METHODS: The 8 patients underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis,and altogether 16 distractors were placed through extraoral or intraoral incisions for bilateral distraction. The distraction device proceeded at the rate of 1 to 1.5 mm per day and consolidated for 4 to 12 weeks.

8例患者均行牵引成骨技术牵引双侧下颌骨治疗，经口内或口外途径共安放16个牵引器，牵引速度1～1.5 mm/d，固定4～12周，随访2～18个月。

Forty adult cadaver heads (male=29,female=11) were dissected to measure genial tubercles and observe the start-stop points of genioglossus muscle and geniohyoid muscle.

选取 4 0具成人尸头，解剖下颌骨、颏舌肌和颏舌骨肌，观察颏舌肌和颏舌骨肌的起止点和走行，测量颏棘及其相关参数，然后采用SPSS10 。0统计软件进行分析。

In this experiment, in the way of observing the histological changes, relative content of myosin heavy-chain mRNA and changes of the expression of IGF-I in masseter and geniohyoid muscle during distraction osteogenesis of canines mandible, we can learn about the rebuilding ability of masticatorymuscles and its changing regularity, and preliminarily discuss its remodeling mechanism.Anteroposterior bilateral distraction osteogenesis was performed on 14 mongrel canines, 6 to 8 months of age, using intraoral mandibular distractor.

本实验通过观察犬下颌骨牵张成骨过程中嚼肌与颏舌骨肌的组织学变化、肌球蛋白重链亚型mRNA含量以及IGF-I在咀嚼肌中表达的变化，了解牵张成骨过程中口颌肌肉的改建能力及其变化规律并初步探讨其改建机制。

All the muscles rebuilt to stable structure after accomplish of distraction, which may help the post-operative stability.2. The changes of myosin heavy-chain mRNA in muscles of mastication during distraction osteogenesis of mandible in canineThe mRNA of MHCI, MHCH and GAPDH in masseter and geniohyoid were measured by RT-PCR.

试验二犬下颌骨牵张成骨过程中咀嚼肌肌球蛋白重链亚型mRNA含量的变化将所取标本应用RT－PCR对嚼肌与颌舌骨肌肌球蛋白重链的两个亚型，即MHCI与MHCll与内参照GAPDH的InRNA进行半定量检测并进行统计学分析。

Of the patients had simultaneous genioplasty by osteotomy of the inferior border of the mandible.

12例同时颏截骨的下缘的下颌骨。

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of jaw advancement in treating micromandibular deformity associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by ramus osteotomy and genioplasty.

目的观察下颌升支截骨下颌骨前徙术治疗小下颌畸形伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的疗效。

RESULTS: The distance of maxilla setback was from 4 to 8mm in all eases with Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy. In the cases with BSSRO, mandible advancement was from 4 to 7mm and chin advancement was from 6 to 8mm in 6 cases with genioplasty.

结果：本组行Le Fort Ⅰ型骨切开上颌骨整体后退4~8mm，14例BSSRO下颌骨前移4~7mm，6例颏成形术颏前移6~8mm.1例一侧腭降动脉术中损伤断裂，经结扎处理，无感染及骨块坏死。16例患者伤口均一期愈合。

The jaw advancement by ramus osteotomy and genioplasty for treating micromandibular deformity associated with OSAS can correct the maxillofacial deformities and enlarge the upper airway space to relieve OSAS. This method has achieved satisfactory result.

结论下颌升支截骨下颌骨前徙术治疗小下颌畸形伴OSAS，对扩张口咽通气道、解除睡眠时呼吸阻塞症状可获得较满意的效果，并同时改善了面部容貌。

Under general anesthesia,we cut the bone by sagittal split ramus osteotomy, Lefort-Ⅰ osteotomy, genioplasty, maxillo-mandibule subapical osteotomy, then moved the bone segements to the predictive place in according to the plaster models.

根据临床设计，全麻下分别采用下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术、上颌骨Lefort Ⅰ型截骨术、颏成形术、上下颌骨根尖下截骨术等不同术式，劈开截骨，按设计要求移动骨块，预制钛板进行坚强内固定。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。