下颌前的

The first three largest number of missing teeth is as follows: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar and mandibular first molar. The first three largest number of resident teeth is as follows: mandibular cuspid, mandibular bicuspid and maxillary cuspid. The cases without occusal relationship account for 19.51%; and the cases which need occlusal reconstruction or occlusal elevation account for 19.51% of all the cases, while food impaction exists in 21.84% cases.

结果：本组老年人平均缺失牙齿9.10颗，缺失最多的前3位牙齿是上颌第一磨牙、上颌第二磨牙和下颌第一磨牙；余留最多的前3位牙齿是下颌尖牙、下颌第一双尖牙和上颌尖牙。19.51%的病例颌骨间无咬合接触关系，19.51%的病例修复时需咬合重建或咬合抬高；21.84%的病例修复前存在食物嵌塞。

Additionally, the disc is able to absorb the forces of stretching and compression, reduce shock. If the relation between disc and condyle were incoordinate, there would appear symptoms of TMJ dysfunction in clinic and pathologic damage in the TMJ tissues.

因此，对功能矫形前伸下颌后的关节盘进行研究，了解其发生的变化，是否与髁突的改建相协调，以及是否会发生病理性改变等，不仅在理论上能够丰富功能矫形治疗的作用机理，对临床治疗也具有积极的指导意义。

It is feasibe that the periosteal flap composed of submental artery,anteroventral portion of digastric muscle and mandibular periosteum is useful laryngotracheal renovation.

带颏下动脉二腹肌前腹蒂的下颌骨膜瓣有转移范围大、血供丰富、应用灵活等优点。颏下动脉二腹肌前腹为蒂的下颌骨膜瓣修复喉气管具有可行性。

There is a slight prominence of the nasal bone structure causing a slightly Roman appearance, the center line running up over the foreface with little or no stop, falling away in front of the eyes so there is an absolutely clear outlook with no interference; the underjaw showing great strength, the jaws long and punishing; the mouth level, meaning that the teeth from the upper jaw and lower jaw match evenly, neither overshot nor undershot. This is a difficult mouth to breed.

鼻骨轻微突出的结构使它似乎具有罗马人特征，中心线沿着前颜面逐渐加宽，在眼部前方消失，所以无需推知，就可以完全精楚的知道它的外观；它的下颌显得十分有力，口部长而有力，嘴比较平，也就是说上颚的牙齿和下颌的牙齿匹配适当，上颚不突出，下颌也不突出。

Materials and Methods: 197 cases who received double-layer display arthrography in our hospital from 1994 to 1996 were analysed.

总结1994～1996年间在我院颞下颌关节门诊诊治的颞下颌关节前移位的197例进行双层显示的颞下颌关节造影。

Results: Arthroscopic examination showed that there were synovitis, debris and fibrillation in the joints of ADD with reduction; synovitis, synovial hyperplasia, debris, fibrillation, chondromalacia,fibrocartilage rupture and adhision in the joints of ADD without reduction.

76例84侧临床诊断为颞下颌关节盘前移位以及关节盘穿孔的病例进行颞下颌关节内窥镜检查。结果：可复性关节盘前移位的病例出现滑膜炎，关节腔内有絮状物，关节结节表面有纤维形成。

METHODS: From April 1998 to February 2002, 12 patients with micromandibular deformity associated with OSAS (aged 14-36 years, 7 females and 5 males) were treated. Invert "L" shape ramus osteotomy and inverted replantation of posterior segment of ramus were performed to reconstruct the TMJ with the jaw advancement and genioplasty at the same time in 7 cases; mandibular angle osteotomy, bone grafts and genioplasty in 3 cases; and the jaw advancement by ramus sagittal osteotomy and genioplasty in 2 cases of the first branchial arch syndrome. RESULTS: The follow-up period was 6 months to 4 years.

1998年4月～2002年2月，对12例(女7例，男5例，年龄14～36岁)伴有严重OSAS症状及张口度0～3.0 cm的小下颌畸形患者，7例采取下颌升支倒&L&形截骨、升支倒置颞下颌关节重建术的同时施行下颌体部前徙和颏成形术；3例在颞下颌关节重建术后进行下颌角部截骨、植骨下颌骨前徙术；2例施行下颌升支矢状劈开、下颌骨前徙术。

Methods: Fifty-fix adolescents were chosen and divided into first premolar extraction and nonextraction groups, with 30 and 26 patients respectively. The pretreatment and posttreatment panoramic radiographs were taken. The indexes of third molar eruption space, distance from third molar to occlusal plane and the length of mandible were measured and analyzed.

选择56例上下颌第三磨牙均存在的患者进行方丝弓正畸治疗，按照第一前磨牙拔除与否分为拔牙组（30例）和非拔牙组（26例），利用术前术后曲面断层片对患者上下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙、第三磨牙与胎平面的距离以及下颌长度进行测量分析。

In this study, we use Computer Aided Diagnosis Axiogragh recorded condylar movement of normal occlusion and Angle class two division one subdivision malocclusion with mandibular retrusion every twenty-five during mandible open and close, protrusion and retrusion, and medio-free movement. Then we analysis the deference in order to find out the characteristic of condylar movement of Angle class two division one subdivision malocclusion with mandibular retrusion and the change regularity among befor and after functional appliance treatment.

本研究以正常牙合和下颌后缩型安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合各25名为研究对象，采用髁突运动轨迹轴图描记仪(Computer Aided Diagnosis Axiogragh)记录其下颌在开闭口、前伸后退和侧方运动时髁突的运动情况，对比分析下颌后缩型安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合的髁突运动轨迹特征及其功能矫治前后髁突运动轨迹的变化。

The sufferer feels to descend Han to feel a tingling sensation at this time, the Shu gives the two times Han Cape with the food, middle finger of two hands in the meantime and points by wreath, the little finger gave Han body next good luck, each match will descend Han Cape department and the bottom Han body the department push forward above, the Ke-like in shape Tu can immediately slip joint nest but must reset at this time.

此时患者感觉下颌酸麻，术者同时用两手的食、中指托住两下颌角，以环指、小指托下颌体下缘，各指配合将下颌角部和下颌体部推向前上方，此时髁状突即可滑入关节窝而得复位。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐