下颌前的

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODSThe intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODS The intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

Wei said, do not lose sight of these little children, they will affect the upper and lower "improper "reach, resulting in varying degrees of maxillary or mandibular lordosis lordosis, the future of" big "or" to package Days "is probably the result of these bad habits.

赵玮说，千万不能忽视孩子这些小动作，它们都会牵动上下颌"不正当"前伸，从而导致不同程度的上颌前凸或下颌前凸，日后的"大龅牙"或"地包天"可能就是这些坏习惯造成的。

Methods From January 1997 to January 2005, 95 patients suffering from mandibular prognathism or accompanied by other deformities have been operated on by technique of intraoral SSRO in our hospital were studied.

对1997年1月～2005年1月于我院采用下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫正的下颌前突及下颌前突合并其他部位畸形患者95例术后并发症进行回顾性分析。

Many studies about mandibular functional protrusion show that the mandibular postural position is changed and the activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle increases after the appliance is inserted and the proliferation of the condylar cartilage leads to the increases of the mandibular length.

对功能矫形前伸下颌的大量研究表明，前伸下颌的矫治器改变了下颌的姿势位，下颌前伸肌功能活动加强，明显促进了髁突和下颌骨增生，下颌骨综合长度增加。

The greatest contractile tension of the masseter, digastric and lateral pterygoid muscles was, similar to the 8-week-old control group, at an interincisal dis- tance of 18mm in open mandible, 6mm protrusion and 2mm retraction of the mandible respectively. The contraction time prolonged gradually according to the Change of jaw position and the extension of muscles.

即嚼肌、二腹肌前腹、翼外肌的最大张力分别位于打开下颌切牙间距离18mm、下颌前伸6mm和下颌后退2mm时；各肌的收缩速度均随下颌位置变化，肌肉被拉伸，而逐渐减慢。

The horizontal facial growth pattern displayed significantly more facial flattening and more mandibular forward rotation than did the vertical group (3)During female puberty, the increasing height of mandibular ramus take the most important role in full mandibular height increasing, while the increasing length of mandibular base take the most important role in the full mandibular length increasing.

从高峰期前到高峰期后，全下颌高度的增加主要贡献是下颌升支的高度，全下颌长度的增加主要贡献是下颌体的长度；女性垂直面部生长型下颌高度的增加比水平面部生长型的增加明显；随着年龄的增长，水平面部生长型比垂直面部生长型面部更平。

The contractile tension of the masster, digastric and lateral pterygoid muscles varied according to the mandibular position, being greatest when the mandible was opened at an interin- cisal distance of 13mm, protruded 6mm and retrated 1mm.

正常4周龄大鼠嚼肌、二腹肌前腹、翼外肌的最大收缩张力分别位于打开下颌切牙间距离13mm、下颌前伸6mm和下颌后退1mm时。

The conventional cephalometric analysis chosen SNA, SNB, ANB, NA-PA etc to reflect the protrusion or retrusion of maxillary and Mandible, but they can't reflect this extent quantitatively. The Delaire cephalometric analysis can analyze the protrusion or retrusion of maxillary and Mandible quantitatively through Me-F1,Me-Met,Np-F1 etc. This method combine with conventional methods can evaluate accurately, quantitatively and directly.

传统头影测量分析选用SNA、SNB、ANB、NA-PA等角度来反映上下颌的前突或后缩，并不能定量的反映上下颌前突或后缩的程度；而Delaire头影测量分析中Me-F1，Me-Met，Np-F1可定量分析上下颌前突或后缩程度，结合传统的角度测量将利于直观、定量的评价，也利于准确的诊断设计。

After the functional appliance protruded the mandible, it resulted in a clear alteration in the biomechanical characteristics of the masticatory muscles. The contractile tension of lateral pterygoiod muscles incerased with its contraction time prolonges, while that of the digsstic muscle decreased and shortened.

当功能性矫治器引导下颌前伸后，对运动下颌肌肉作在体等长主动收缩性质的检测，结果表明翼外肌收缩张力增强，收缩速度变慢；二腹肌前腹收缩张力减弱，收缩速度加快。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐