下面的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

In the paper,the theory of production frontiers and its non-parametric measurement ap～proaches are used to figure out the input compressing productivity index,Malmquist productivity index based on the input oriented non-parametric production frontiers .The technology efficiency and thedis～tance function and their nonparametric models anr introduced on the conditions of Constant Return to Scale and input strong disposability The Non-pparametric measurement approaces and the decomposition of Malmquist prisuctibity index are put forward

孙巍文采用生产前沿面理论及其非参数方法，对假定产出确定条件下投入压缩的生产率指数基于投入前沿面的Malmquist生产率指数进行了理论与测度方法研究，通过规模收益不变且要素自由，C，S，前沿面条件下的技术效率，距离函数及其非参数模型的分析，本文给出了基于非参数，C，S，投入前沿面的Malmquist生产率指数的非参数测度模型，并从技术变化和资源配置效率变化两个方面进行了分解

A handle (43) is provided on the intermediate post (39) at the left surface (36) of the machine enclosure, which is a ingathering handle rotating between the containing device on the outer surface of the machine enclosure body (31) and the holding position protruding from the machine enclosure body (31) outer surface to the outside.

扶手(43)是能够在沿着机壳主体(31)的外表面的收容位置以及从机壳主体(31)的外表面向外侧突出的把持位置之间转动的收纳式扶手，即使在门(32)关闭的状态下，通过将扶手(43)转动到把持位置，在从构成机壳主体(31)的外表面的中间支柱(39)的外表面向外侧突出的状态下也能把持扶手(43)，并且通过将扶手(43)收容在收容位置，而能够收容在与门(32)的外面相比更靠近内侧的位置。

The result shows the tribology properties are good, the kinetic friction coefficient are under 0.1. In the same conditions of wearing test, the weight loss of surface treated with EDC is about one tenth of the weight loss without treatment, and is about one sixth of the weight loss treated with electroless composite coating.

结果表明：在本试验的条件下，涂层的滑动摩擦系数较小，均在0.1以下，说明涂层的摩擦学性能较好；在相同的磨损实验条件下，用液中放电沉积方法处理过的表面磨损失重量是未处理表面的1/10左右，是化学复合镀方法处理表面的1/6左右，说明涂层的耐磨性相对较好。

The analysis on the test result shows that the temperature distribution in CFST members caused by solar radiation is nonlinear,and the nonlinear character is most evident when center point of concrete gets its lowest temperature. The temperature of the center point is affected by various directions, especially the strong potential. In the side exposed to the sun in the afternoon, apart from the center point, temperature varies laggardly when the point of concrete in the same series is more close to the center. But in the side not exposed to the sun in the afternoon, temperature varies laggardly when the point of concrete in the same series is more close to the center.

结果表明，日照作用下截面的温度场为非均匀场，混凝土中心的温度达到最小值时，截面温度场的非线性特性最明显，圆心点的温度受各个方向温度的共同作用，更多地受到强势方向的影响；下午时处在向阳面的各系列，同一系列上混凝土各点温度变化随直径缩小趋缓，越靠近圆心，温度变化越缓和，对外部环境的影响呈滞后现象越明显；而在下午时处在背阴面的各系列除圆心点外，同一系列上越靠近圆心的混凝土测点，温度变化越缓和。

Metal box according with the specification shall be adopted for site distribution box and switch box.

配电箱、开关箱采用符合标准要求的金属箱，固定式配电箱、开关箱的下底与地面的距离大于1.3m，小于1.5m，移动式配电箱、开关箱的下底与地面的距离大于0。

And the direction query efficiency based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index. 2 The algorithms of nearest neighbor and reverse nearest neighbor about point, line and ploygen based on multi-approximate index are proposed after the virous methods of distance measure are discussed in detail. And the query efficiency of NN and RNN based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index. 3 The basic concept of semi-join and the strategy of distance-direction semi-join are introduced. And the model of distance relationship, direction relationship and the bounding for spatial object are discussed. Then the method is presented about how to implement the query of distance-direction semi-join, and the efficiency of the algorithm based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index.

即：1在方向关系矩阵模型、开域方向模型基础上，讨论了基于多重近似索引下的定性与定量方向检索方法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的方向检索效率进行了对比分析；2详细讨论了各种距离度量方法，提出了基于多重近似索引下的点、线、面的最邻近查询和反最邻近查询算法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的最邻近查询和反最邻近查询效率进行比较分析；3介绍了半连接的基本概念，探讨了距离关系、方向关系以及空间对象数量的约束模型，给出了基于多重近似索引下的距离方向半连接实现方法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的距离方向半连接的效率进行了比较分析。

Therefore, a nation needs to establish a matured human rights protection mechanism as soon as possible to ensure that the emergency powers can protect its fellow citizen's fundermental rights fully and effectively when an energency situation occurred, without abusing the administrative discretion. This paper discusses how to protect citizen's basic rights and how to improve the protection system in China in the state of emergency. The paper is divided into four parts: The introduction section describes how natural and man-made instability factors frequently caused emergent situations in the world, and how the nations objectively infringed upon citizen's basic rights in response to the crises. Then it introduces the central theme of discussion in this paper.

文章共分为四个部分：引言部分介绍了由于自然的和人为的不安定因素的存在使得世界各国紧急事件频发，国家为应对危机行使紧急权，却又在客观上侵害了公民基本权利，进而引出本论文的中心议题；第一章阐述紧急状态下公民基本权利保障理念，涉及了紧急状态的含义和特征，正常状态下与紧急状态下公民基本权利的内容，紧急状态下公民基本权利保障的必要性及其特点；然后通过了解国外紧急状态法律制度的相关规定并结合学界在这方面的认识，阐述了紧急状态下保障公民基本权利应遵循的原则；第二章研究紧急状态下公民基本权利保障制度。

Applied quantum chemistry calculating method and a series of calculating program, ground state energies of Cu-O four bonds which was periodical structure unit of CuO〓 plane, were calculated.

应用量子化学ABINTIO计算法，采用系列程序，分别计算了Cu-O单键、线形Cu-O双键，以及Bi系超导体CuO〓面的周期性结构单元Cu-O四键，在不同的几何构型下的基态能量，并计算了相应于CuO〓面的Cu-O四键在平衡几何构型下的一系列激发态能量。

Below all these mines which we have just mentioned, below all these galleries, below this whole immense, subterranean, venous system of progress and utopia, much further on in the earth, much lower than Marat, lower than Babeuf, lower, much lower, and without any connection with the upper levels, there lies the last mine.

在我们刚才所指出的那一切坑道下，在所有那些走廊下，在进步和乌托邦那整个庞大的地下管道系统下，在地下还更深许多的地方，比马拉还要低，比巴贝夫也还要低，再往下，再往下深入许多，和上面的那几层绝无关系的地方，还有最低的泥坑。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。