下限

The number "a" that is at the bottom of the integral sign is called the lower limit of the integral and the number "b" at the top of the integral sign is called the upper limit of the integral.

在积分号底部的字母"a"叫做积分下限，而在积分号顶部的字母"b"叫做积分上限。

As none of the articles had sufficient data regarding floor and ceiling effects, responsiveness, or interpretability, these properties could not be assessed.

所有文献均无充足的数据满足上限下限效应、反应性或解释性，上述三个特性在这些文献中不能进行评价。

The kelps mark the lower limit of the intertidal and continue down into the subtidal zone.

13.20。海草标记下限的高潮线与低潮线之间的和继续进入亚潮的地区挫折。

Hereafter, this paper analysis the prophase system and forecast the flexible demand of it. According as the uncertainty of land-use demand, we can figure out the upper and lower limit of the interzone. Thereby, we can confirm the range of it.

然后分析了土地利用弹性规划体系的前期系统，对土地利用的需求进行了弹性预测，依据土地需求量的不确定性，计算出土地弹性需求值域的上下限，确定弹性范围。

There were no obviou sstatistical difference between the patients with basilar invagination and normal groups.

前者95%可信区间为33.1735 mm~35.6265 mm，后者为32.8316 mm~33.6371 mm，两者有交叉，且颅底凹陷症患者的上下限均稍大于正常人。3。

Main contents and conclusions are: 1 The ionization current was measured continuously by a charge-integration method with a computer after the introduction of radon into the chamber.

主要内容及结论：1充氡后利用计算机连续进行电离电流累积测量，得到了精细的电流随时间的变化曲线，可清楚看出氡及其子体的生成衰变造成的电离电流的生长—稳定—衰减过程，与理论计算值进行了比较，由电离电流衰减速度的变化得出氡吸附作用的影响，并测量到电离室冲洗后氡的反扩散现象；2由已知活度的标准源定出相对测量的刻度系数K值，K=24.62 Bq／pA，对同一个监测源以半年为周期进行多次测量后得出稳定性符合要求；3通过测量电离电流和气压的关系曲线以及不同气压下的饱和曲线，确定了常规的工作条件；4测量了盐酸清洗电离室内表面降低本底的效果；5不确定度分析表明相对测氡的扩展不确定度(k=2)小于5％，由本底涨落得出探测下限为0.5 Bq；6理论上对壁损失修正进行了计算，实验上保持电离室工作在饱和区的情况下，测量了不同气压下电离电流的变化，从中得出了壁损失随气压变化的规律，可以看出，电离电流的实测值和计算值随气压变化规律基本一致；当气压大于125 kPa时，端效应等其它因素造成的影响不大于2％，因而在此工作条件下，测量电离电流后通过计算修正壁损失可以实现近似的绝对测氡，提出了进一步提高绝对测量准确度的方法。

Shelf break at depths between 20 to 550 meters, with an average of 130 meters, also has the 200-meter isobath as the lower limit of the continental shelf.

陆架坡折处的水深在20～550米间，平均为130米，也有把200米等深线作为陆架下限的。

Russia's currency on Wednesday came within kopecks of breaching the floor of 41 against a dollar/euro basket the bank set on 22 January.

本周三，俄罗斯卢布距俄罗斯央行1月22日设定的41卢布兑一篮子美元和欧元汇率的下限仅有几戈比之遥。

The simulation results show that a characteristic saw-toothed velocity is generated in vertical, and a lower limit of laser repetitive pulse for stable ascent is defined; In lateral pass, higher frequency of laser pulse can produce quicker reversion and smoother trajectory, and with the increase of slope of lift curve, the lightcraft can be stabilized in shorter time.

结果表明：在垂直方向，光船上升速度呈锯齿状，且存在脉冲频率下限；在侧向，激光脉冲频率越高，回复速度越快，回复曲线也越光滑，升力线斜率的增加能够使光船以更短的时间趋于稳定。

On the edge of the lower limit, rather than leading edge and unlimited.

对边缘的下限，而不是领先优势和无限的。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。