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A class of conjugate descent algorithm with single parameter βk for unconstrained minimization problems is presented and it is proved that this algorithm is of descent feature when it satisfies the condi- tion of a sort of inexact linear searching and, in addition, it is globally convergent.

给出了无约束问题一族含有一个参数βk的共扼下降算法，证明了该共扼下降算法在满足一种非精确线性搜索条件时是下降的，而且是全局收敛的。同时可以看到共扼下降算法是其特例

This paper analyzes the trends and variations of cross-section profile parameters in lower Yellow River with the methods of time series analysis. The analysis results show that since 1950s, cross-section profile parameters in lower Yellow River have change with trend, especially after 1990s, the bankfull discharge and bankfull area all show decreasing trends at all the four stations. The bankfull width at Huayankou, Gaocun and Lijin station and the average depth at Huayuankou and Aishan station and the maximal depth at Gaocun station show decreasing trends while the bankfull water level at Gaocun and Aishan station and width-depth ratio at Aishan station show increasing trends.

本文采用时间序列分析的方法对黄河下游河道断面形态参数变化趋势及其变异点进行了分析，分析结果表明从20世纪50年代以来，断面形态参数发生了趋势性变化，特别是90年代以来各站平滩流量和平滩面积均有显著的下降趋势，花园口站、高村站和利津站平滩河宽出现了显著下降趋势，花园口站、艾山站平均水深显著下降，高村站和艾山站的平滩水位显著抬高，艾山站的宽深比也有显著增大的趋势。

After esterification by BTCA Acoustic properties of picea sitchensis Carr.andChamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI were changed,(treated/untreated ratio):Loss tangentdecreased 10～2424% in the tangential ofpicea sitchensis Carr,9～17% and 10～22% in thetangential and radial directions of Chamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI.,respectively.Specificdynamic Young's modulesand acoustic radiation coefficient of two wood changedunremarkably,in the tangential direction with increment of ASE.Specific dynamic Young'smodulesincreased 3～9% in the radial direction.tgδ/E of decreased 9～27% intangential of picea sitchensis Carr,7～14% and 10～26% in the tangential and radial directions ofChamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI.,respectively.

BTCA酯化处理西特克云杉和美国扁柏木材的声学性能发生了变化，处理材与未处理材比值，损耗角正切tgδ：西特克云杉纵向下降10～24％，美国扁柏下降纵向9～17％，径向10～22％；比动态弹性模量E/ρ：两种树种的纵向变化均不明显，随着ASE上升变化不规则，美国扁柏径向上升3～9％；声辐射阻尼的变化类似于比动态弹性模量E/ρ的变化；tgδ/E：西特克云杉纵向下降9～27％，美国扁柏下降纵向7～14％，径向10～26％。

There are experimental results as follows:(1) Eriophorum comosum Nees shows strong cold resistance in plasmalemma permeability research. The lethal temperature of Eriophorum comosum Nees is the lowest LT_(50 in comparison with another two plants and is lower than -11.5℃ in August 2005 and December 2005; Soluble protein content of each plant is rising before or after cold hardiness. By SDS-PAGE, Protein band is analysed. Band quantity of Eriophorum comosum Nees is the most and its band color is darkest.(2) Soluble sugar content of three plants after cold hardiness are higher than before cold hardiness, moreover soluble sugar content after cold hardiness shows a decline and there is a narrow range in Eriophorum comosum Nees; Free Proline accumulation is changed by cold stress, and cold resistance is relative to free Proline accumulation; chlorophyll content of both three plants, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b, show a decline tendency along with the descent of temperature. Cynodon dactylon is highly sensitive to cold stress.(3) The soil POD and urease activities' absolute value of Erioophorum comosum Nees and Pogonatherum panideumHack were more than that of Cynodon dactylon before or after low temperature stress, especially POD activities.

实验结果表明：(1)在膜透性的研究中，丛毛羊胡子草抗寒性最强，采用电导率法测得半致死温度LT_(50最低，丛毛羊胡子草抗寒锻炼前后半致死温度LT_(50均小于-11.5℃；在可溶性蛋白含量研究中，抗寒锻炼前后三种植物的可溶性蛋白含量均增加，同时采用SDS-PAGE法，通过对蛋白条带分析，以丛毛羊胡子草条带数最多且着色深；(2)在可溶性糖的研究中，三种植物经抗寒锻炼后叶片可溶性糖含量都比抗寒锻炼前高，且经过抗寒锻炼后三种植物可溶性糖均呈下降趋势，丛毛羊胡子草可溶性糖含量下降较小；从游离脯氨酸含量可知，低温的胁迫影响了植物叶片游离脯氨酸的含量变化，植物的抗寒性与游离脯氨酸有关；低温胁迫下三种植物叶绿素含量随着温度的下降，叶绿素含量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a／b均呈下降趋势，狗牙根对低温胁迫最为敏感；(3)低温锻炼前后，丛毛羊胡子草和金发草的土壤过氧化物酶与脲酶活性的绝对值均大于狗牙根的，特别是过氧化物酶，说明丛毛羊胡子草和金发草的酶活性大于狗牙根的。

In the seedlings time, the content of chlorophyll decreased by the deficiency of B, but the content of chlorophyll in the high efficiency cultivar decreased slowly than that of the low efficiency cultivar. This suggested that the leaves of the high efficiency cultivar can capture more light energy and the photosynthetic rate of the high efficiency cultivar decreased slowly. In the bolting time and blooming time, after two weeks of B deficiency treatment, the content of chlorophyll in the top leaves of the high efficiency cultivar decreased, and in the late time, the content of chlorophyll decreased slowly. But, the content of chlorophyll in the bellow leaves of the two cultivars had little changes. The reason may be that B in the high efficiency cultivar distributed to the propagative organ in the late growth, and the leaves were short of B.

苗期，缺硼导致甘蓝型油菜色素含量降低，且高效品种色素含量下降的幅度小于低效品种，表明营养生长阶段，同等程度的缺硼条件下，高效品种叶片对光能的收集能力以及光合速率下降的程度相对较小；苔期和花期，在两周的缺硼处理后，高效品种上部叶色素含量依然呈下降趋势，但随着生育期的推移，其下降幅度减小；而高效品种下部叶和低效品种叶片含量变化不大，可能是甘蓝型油菜进入生殖生长阶段后，高效品种将硼更多地分配到繁殖器官，而其叶片却承受了相对较大的缺硼胁迫。

In the Xizhou dynasty to Xihan dynasty ,the physician's position was inferior than that of witch physician though they already had high social position. From the mid of Xihan dynasty to Tang dynasty, the physician's position is markedly went down and caused the negative influence to the development of medicine as Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of the feudal society. From Song dynasty to Yuan dynasty ,the dynasts paid high attention to medicine ,so the physician's social position was greatly upgraded ,which promoted the development of medicine . The position of physician in the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty were unprecedentedly debased. It became a very negative factor to the development of medicine.

经过本课题研究认为：医生的职责在夏至西周时期是由巫医兼任的，巫医在当时有着极其显要的社会地位，并在一定程度上对医学的发展作出了相应的贡献；东周至西汉前期，随着医巫的分离，医生的社会地位较巫医有所下降，但仍有相当的地位，并且活动相对自由；西汉中期以后至唐五代，随着儒家思想成为封建社会的正统思想，这一时期医生地位明显下降，对医学的发展产生了消极的影响；宋金元统治者重视医学，医生社会地位大为提高，推动了此期医学的发展；明清时期医生社会地位空前下降，是这一时期医学发展的一个消极因素。

In the Xizhou dynasty to Xihan dynasty ,the physician"s position was inferior than that of witch physician though they already had high social position. From the mid of Xihan dynasty to Tang dynasty, the physician"s position is markedly went down and caused the negative influence to the development of medicine as Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of the feudal society. From Song dynasty to Yuan dynasty ,the dynasts paid high attention to medicine ,so the physicians social position was greatly upgraded ,which promoted the development of medicine . The position of physician in the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty were unprecedentedly debased.

经过本课题研究认为：医生的职责在夏至西周时期是由巫医兼任的，巫医在当时有着极其显要的社会地位，并在一定程度上对医学的发展作出了相应的贡献；东周至西汉前期，随着医巫的分离，医生的社会地位较巫医有所下降，但仍有相当的地位，并且活动相对自由；西汉中期以后至唐五代，随着儒家思想成为封建社会的正统思想，这一时期医生地位明显下降，对医学的发展产生了消极的影响：宋金元统治者重视医学，医生社会地位大为提高，推动了此期医学的发展；明清时期医生社会地位空前下降，是这一时期医学发展的一个消极因素。

Research on Keeping Quality of Different Flesh Types of Prunus persica L.Niu Liang, Wang Zhiqiang, Liu Shu'e, Song YinhuaAbstract: Effects of post-harvest cold storage and Modified Atmosphere Package on fruit hardness, weight losing and soluble solid content of different peach or nectarine varieties were investigated. The results showed that:(1) There were obviously differences of fruit hardness among varieties of different flesh types. In room temperature, FH of '24-30' and 'Zhongtao No.2' went down slower than 'Zhongyoutao No.5' and 'Zhongyoutao No.10'. In cold storage, '24-30', FH of Zongyoutao No.5' and 'Zhongyoutao No.10' descent quickly after 2 weeks of storage while that of 'Shuguang' and 'Zhongtao No.2' quickly descent just after storage.(2) MA package could effectively slow down the decreasing of FH. There were obvious differences among different varieties while 'Zhongyoutao No.10' was less sensitive than others.(3) Soluble solid content went down after harvest and the procedure was slower in lower temperature. In room, MA package seems accelerate the descendent of SSC.

采用不同肉质类型的桃、油桃果实为材料，对采后低温和自发气调包装等对果实硬度、失重和SSC含量等的变化进行了研究，结果表明：(1)不同类型桃、油桃采后果实硬度变化差异较大，常温下24-30和中桃2号果实硬度下降较慢，而中油桃5号、10号较快，在冷库低温条件下，24-30、中油桃5号和中油桃10号两周后硬度出现迅速下降，而曙光和中桃2号在贮藏后即迅速下降，带皮硬度与去皮硬度之间有一定差异，但变化趋势基本一致；(2)MA包装能有效地延缓采后桃、油桃果实硬度的降低，在常温及低温条件下均是如此，不同肉质类型间差异明显，曙光和中桃2号非常敏感，而中油桃10号则不太敏感，即MA包装对其果实硬度降低的延缓没有其它品种明显；(3)采后桃、油桃果实的SSC含量均有一定的降低，低温下该过程较慢，MA包装在常温下有加剧SSC下降的趋势，低温下则不明显，这可能与常温下采后立即进行MA包装不利于&田间热&及呼吸热的及时散发而加剧呼吸有关。

Organics which could be volatilised easily or difficultly decreased fast at the early days, then decreased slow, but the organics which can volatilised easily decreased faster. Hydrophilic organics in the raw water decreased , while hydrophobe organics incresed. 4 Stainless steel and acid-resistant keramics showed less effect on the water's qulity, while the fiber steel which had used for storage in the experiment showed great effect.

随着贮存时间的延长，水中4KD～10KD所占比例升高，而4KD以下的有机物所占比例则下降；水中难吹脱性有机物与水中易吹脱性有机物都减少，且初期下降快后期下降慢，但易吹脱性有机物减少速度快于难吹脱性有机物；水中亲水性有机物所占比例下降，而疏水性有机物所占比例上升，发生了亲水性TOC向疏水性TOC转化。

According to these data, through making reference to various materials and consulting experts, applying the principle of landscape ecology, urban ecology, urbanology, urban planning and statistical analysis, taking the ur...

根据此数据，结合资料查阅、专家咨询，运用景观生态学、城市生态学、城市学、城市规划、统计分析的原理，以义乌市2003年形成的城市环线内的城市景观为对象，研究城市化主导的城市景观结构演变机制，其结果如下：(1)自然景观逐年下降，半自然半人工景观急剧减少，人工景观快速增加。1996—2005年的9年间，自然景观减少了145.58hm~2，年变化率2.05％，占研究区的百分比从8.95％下降到7.30％；半自然半人工景观减少了3545.32hm~2，变化量超过了1996年一半，年变化率6.17％，占研究区的百分比从72.33％下降到32.17％；人工景观增加了3690.89hm~2，年变化率24.82％，占研究区的百分比从18.72％上升到60.53％。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。