下部

Based on the correlation of the Guadalupian and Lopingian conodont zones of the Salt Range, Pakistan with those of South China, the Amb Formation and the lower part of the Wargal Formation in the Salt Range, Pakistan are Late Guadalupian in age. The Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary is in the lower part of the Wargal Formation, and the Wuchi-apingian/Changhsingian boundary is in the lower part of the Chhidru Formation. The Permian/Triassic boundary is in the Kathwai Member of the Mianwali Formation.

根据华南与盐岭地区瓜达鲁普统和乐平统的牙形类化石带对比，可以确定Amb组和Wargal组底部的时代为瓜达鲁普世晚期，瓜达鲁普统与乐平统的界线位于Wargal组下部，吴家坪阶与长兴阶的界线位于Chhidru组的下部，而二叠与三叠系的界线位于Mianwali组下部的Kathwai段之内。

The results showed:among the 7 isolates, five isolates of HY3、GY1－3、ZJ1－1、HP1、FC3 had same colony shape, irregular shape, liquidlike, slimy, opacity with smooth surface;the other two isolates had same shape, irregular shape, dry, opacity with coarse surface. By inoculating eucalyptus with the 7 isolates, the plants were infected apparently, and the young plants of eucalyptus in control experiment with tap water were not infected. By cultivating eucalyptus cuttings with the bacterial suspensions without EPS, the incidence of disease was very distinct,but compared with the former bacteria suspension,the incidence of disease has decreased at different degrees. By screening out two isolates of strong pathogenicity and two isolates of weak pathogenicity from the 7 isolates,making the bacterial suspensions with them to inoculate the young plants of eucalyptus, two treatments of cutlings and ramets with rats were set with 5 repetitions in every treatment, the results of data analysis showed: for the cutlings, the bacterial contents in upper and middle parts、upper and lower had significant difference;for ramets with roots, the bacterial contents in upper, middle parts, lower had significant difference between each other; For both the cutlings and ramets with roof, the bacterial contents in xylem and phloem had significant difference. The interaction between vertical and horizontal parts for the bacterial content had significant difference. For the two isolates of HY3 and 93B which were screened out at last,their activities of the cellulase were: 1.955ug/ and 1.288ug/ respectively, and had significant difference; the activities of pectase were: 1.325 ug/and 1.24ug/ respectively, and had no significant difference. The content of EPS extracted from the two isolates of HY3 and 93B was very different: 7.08x10-8ug/cell and 5.17x10-8ug/cell.

结果显示：7个菌株中，其中5个菌株HY3、GY1－3、ZJ1－1、HP1、FC3的菌落形态相同：不规则形状、流体、粘性、不透明、表面光滑；另外2个菌株93B、GN1菌落形态相同：不规则形状、干燥、不透明、表面粗糙；用7个菌株接种剪根桉树苗，发病情况非常明显，而自来水对照实验中桉树苗却不发病；无EPS菌悬液培养桉树剪根苗，发病率也很明显，但是相比原菌液，则发病率有不同程度的下降；从7个菌株中间筛选出来2个强致病性菌株和2个弱致病性菌株，用它们配制菌悬液培养桉树苗，设置剪根和不剪根两个处理，每个处理设置五个重复，数据分析结果显示：对于剪根苗，上部和中部、上部和下部的含菌量有显著的差异，中部和下部含菌量差异不显著；带根苗，上部、中部、下部含菌量彼此之间差异显著；不管是剪根苗还是带根苗，木质部和韧皮部含菌量之间的差异都非常显著；上中下与木韧交互作用中，含菌量差异非常显著；最后筛选出来的强弱2个菌株HY3和93B，它们的纤维素酶活性分别为：1.955ug/和1.288ug/，具有显著的差别；果胶酶的活性分别为：1.325 ug/和1.24ug/，没有显著的差别，而且HY3和93B两个菌株细胞分泌的胞外多糖的含量差异很显著，分别为：7.08×10-8ug/cell和5.17×10-8ug/cell。

The maximum run-out distance is 3200m. The three cases are studied from the Niuquangou rockslide-debris flow at the south west segment of the main seismic fault, the Chengxi rockslide at the middle segment of the main seismic fault and the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow at the north east segment of the main seismic fault.The three cases illustrates following common characteristics:(1)parent rockmass is broken under long geologic processing and weathered;(2) Rockmass was separately expanded and thrown under long-period strong ground vibration in which the vertical motion was predominant along the main seismic fault;(3)sliding mass was crashed at the exiting zone and transferred to fragment material;(4) The secondary landslide was triggered underneath the exiting zone due to the powerful crashing and shaving processes that provides more mass to debris body and cushion shape;(5) The a long run-out distance fragment flow is occurred under air layer lubrication. The air layer was pressed and turbulently flowed in the narrow-shaped valley, or laminarly flowed in the extensive flatland.

本文重点解剖了位于地震破裂带南西段的汶川映秀牛圈沟滑坡-碎屑流、位于地震破裂带中段的北川城西滑坡和位于地震破裂带北东段青川东河口滑坡-碎屑流3个典型实例，认为具有如下特征：1）岩性条件：母岩遭受长期构造动力作用，呈碎裂岩体，后期被强烈风化，岩体极为破碎；(2）抛掷效应：位于汶川地震主断裂带或附近，垂直加速度大于水平加速度，强地面运动持时长，岩体发生振胀和抛掷；3）碰撞效应：上部滑坡体发生高位剪出和高位撞击，致使岩体碎屑化；(4）铲刮效应：撞击作用导致下部山体被铲刮，形成次级滑坡，为碎屑流体提供了足够展翼和抛洒物源体积；5）气垫效应：碎屑化岩体快速抛掷导致下部沟谷空气迅速谷状圈闭和向下紊流，形成气垫效应，或者，在下部地形开阔地带压缩空气呈层流状态致使滑体凌空飞行。

The stack type reactor according to the present invention comprises an upper block including at least two inlets through which different kinds of raw substances are entered and a lower channel communicated in fluid with the inlets and formed a lower surface thereof; and an unit block including an upper channel corresponding to the lower channel of the upper block and formed on an upper surface thereof, the unit block including a lower channel formed a lower surface thereof and communicated in fluid with the upper channel via a connecting flow passage penetrating therethrough.

根据本发明的堆叠式反应器包括：上部块，其包括至少两个允许各种原料物质进入的入口以及与该入口流体连通且形成于该上部块下表面的下部通道；和单元块，其包括与上部块的下部通道对应且形成于单元块上表面上的上部通道，该单元块包括形成于单元块下表面且经由穿透其中的连接流道流体连通上部通道的下部通道。

The results showed that the density of glandular trichome of mature leaves was lowest in lower leaves, the second in cutter leaves, and the highest was found in upper leaves.α-Duvatriene-4-ol,β-Duvatriene-4-ol,α-Duvatriene-4,6-diol and β-Duvatriene-4,6-diol were higher in cutter leaves than that in lower leaves by 282%, 240%, 48% and 80% respectively, while those in upper leaves were higher than that in lower leaves by 991%, 687%, 74% and 129%, respectively.

结果表明：不同部位成熟烟叶腺毛密度表现为下部＜中部＜上部；中部烟叶分泌物中的α-西柏三烯-4-醇、β-西柏三烯-4-醇、α-西柏三烯-4，6-二醇、β-西柏三烯-4，6-二醇的含量分别比下部烟叶增加了282%、240%、48%、80%，上部烟叶的上述四种分泌物的含量分别比下部烟叶增加了991%、687%、74%和129%。

From the function needing of the building, the top needs small axis dimension which has to be assigned, the next function part hopes that there is as big as possible free space, it is heavy for network to take post, for satisfying building the requests of function, the structure must be by fixing up contrary to routine way, in order to realize that this kind fixes up, must set up a special floor between the underpart in structure forms are different, make it bear top the internal force of structure and transmit and give underpart structure to play structure change the floors of function reliable. It is called transfer floor.

从建筑功能的要求上讲，上部需要小开间的轴线布置，下部公用部分则希望有尽可能大的自由灵活空间，柱网要大，为了满足建筑功能的要求，结构必须以与常规方式相反进行布置，为了实现这种布置，就必须在结构形式不同的上下部之间设置一个特殊的楼层，使其能承受上部结构的各种内力，并将其可靠的传递给下部结构，这一能起结构转换作用的楼层，称为转换层。

Sessile spikelet longer than rachis internode; lower glume elliptic-ovate to oblong, papery to leathery, 5–9-veined, marginally 2-keeled, keels pectinately spiny, often winged at apex; upper glume 3-veined, keeled along midvein, otherwise almost flat, often narrowly winged on lower keel; lower floret staminate, palea present; upper floret bisexual, upper lemma entire, awnless.

无梗小穗长于轴节间；下部颖片椭圆状卵形到长圆形，纸质到革质，5-9脉，具刺的2龙骨状，龙骨状的pectinately，通常具翅的在先端的稍微； 3脉的上面颖片，龙骨状沿中脉，几乎平的否则，龙骨状的通常狭翅在下部；雄蕊花的下部的小花，内稃宿存；全缘的上面小花两性，上面外稃，。

The results were as follows: ET〓-RNA expression levels in hypothalamus, hippocampus and temporoparietal grey and white matters of the low and high speed injury groups were elevated significantly than that of control group (p＜0.05), but in the above areas of brain, ET〓-RNA expression in hypothalamus and hippocampus were the highest (p＜0.01), especially in the high speed injury group; ET〓 contents in hypothalamus and hippocampus in the two injury groups, especially in the high speed injury group, increased very significantly than that of control group (p＜ 0.01); ET〓 contents in CSF and plasma in the two injury groups, also especially in high speed injury group, increased markedly after 2 hours, and lasted for 8 hours after injury; ET〓 contents in the abovt areas of brain were of highly positive correlation with that in plasma or in CSF.

实验显示：致伤犬伤后海马、丘脑下部、颞顶叶灰、白质内皮素—1RNA表达较对照组显著增强（p＜0.01，p＜0.05），其中以海马和丘脑下部最显著（p＜0.01），高速组最明显（p＜0.01）；海马和丘脑下部ET〓含量较对照组显著升高（p＜0.01）；血浆、CSF中ET〓含量在伤后2h即极显著升高（p＜0.01），并持续至伤后8h，上述各组均以高速组最为显著（p＜0.01）；各脑区和血浆，CSF中ET〓含量间呈显著正相关。

In the space, along with increased distance from the main ore-controlling structures, the frequency of P type of pyrite and their thermoelectricity also decreased gradually. Within one lode, from the upper to the lower parts of an ore body, the vertical change of pyrite in thermoelectricity as the follows:① when the ore body is stable, that is when the ore body is uniformly and continuously mineralized, the Dp andαvalues keep increased from shallow to deeper parts;② when an ore body is discontinuously mineralized, the Dp andαvalues have a wavy increasing tendency from the shallow to the deeper;③ when the deeper part of an ore body contains abundant, Co and Ni high mafic dykes, the Dp andαvalues of pyrite decreased from the shallow to the deeper parts of an ore body, that is, an reversed zoning of pyrite thermoelectricity occurs for pyrite in this situation contain more Ni and Co and belongs to N type.④ For the deposits hosted in the Archean metamorphic rocks, because all of the pyrite in this case is N-type, the vertical change of pyrite is not featured by the transition of pyrite type, but by the increased values of Vnp and α from the shallow to deeper parts of an ore body.

在空间域上，水平分带规律为：随远离主干断裂，矿脉中P型的出现频率逐渐降低或热电系数值逐渐变小；在同一条矿脉中，这是由于矿化不均匀性及脉岩的影响，由矿体的上部到下部，它的垂向变化特征可以有如下几种变化形式：①由矿体的浅部到深部，黄铁矿的Dp值、或α值呈稳定升高的趋势时，矿体往往表现为矿化均匀，连续性好、延伸稳定；②由浅部到深部，黄铁矿的Dp值、α值呈波状变化，但总体又具有增大的趋势时，所在的矿体连续性差；③当矿脉的下部发育有大量的基性脉岩时，由于基性脉岩中常含有较高的Co、Ni，使其中黄铁矿的Co、Ni含量较高而呈N型导电，由矿体的上部到下部，黄铁矿的Dp值、α值呈减少的趋势，而造成黄铁矿热电性特征的逆向分带，④产于太古代变质岩中的中深脉状金矿，由于其中的黄铁矿均为N型导电，所以垂向变化规律并不表现为导型的改变，只是Vnp值或α值从矿体的上部到下部由小变大。

It is shown that the contact interaction enables bottom drillstring to whirl backward, and then an alternate bending stress with higher frequency is produced. So the drillstring fatigue failure could be accelerated. At the same time, a quite strong wallop force of high frequency is produced on the contacting point, and the contacting zone is next to the screw coupling of drill collars. It will easily result in the failure of screw couplings. The research results provide theoretical basis for the prevention of drillstring failure.

研究表明，下部钻柱与井壁的碰摩作用使下部钻柱反向涡动，产生高频的交变弯曲应力，会加速下部钻柱疲劳破坏；下部钻柱与井壁接触点处存在较大的高频冲击力，并且接触区域靠近钻铤螺纹联结处，更容易诱发螺纹联结处失效，该研究成果可为预防钻柱失效提供理论依据。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失