下皮层

As the subcortex structure, the basal ganglia can modulate the syntax during the scentence processes which the cortex took part in.

基底神经节作为皮层下结构，对皮层参与的书写句法形成起调控作用，两者间存在相互作用。

In the whole process of clinical observation, poor memory appeared the highest incidence, and hemiplegia, numbness and slightly purplish tongue were presented all the way round. 7. It was shown in the results of MRI data for the 23 cases in preserved Dongzhimen hospital that the brain lesions were distributed in cortex and the extensive structure of subcortex in the cases of motor aphasia after stroke.

7东直门医院留存的23例MRI图像数据叠加结果显示：卒中后运动性失语的脑损伤部位涉及到皮层及皮层下的广泛结构，以左侧基底节出现的频次最高，其次是颞叶皮质，再次是额、顶叶皮质，右侧基底节区也有损伤。

Anterior cingulate cortex is an important part of the limbic system and the high-level center of brain, which not only receives all kinds of information from subcortex, but also is reliably activated by peripheral noxious stimulus, and has been a hotspot of pain exploration. Though the adequate data has already been collected about the ACC modulation of sensatory and emotional component of pain, the studies were almost confined to the aspect : how the ACC receive nociceptive information.

由于它是既接受来自皮层下多种信息的传入又可恒定地被外周伤害性刺激所激活的高级皮层，近年来已成为疼痛研究的热点区域。

As other physiologic responses that are observed in healthy adults and associated with pain are also observed in anencephalic infants (5), further research into the physiology and the implications of these findings will have to be done.

这些结果与早期研究综合表明，对伤害性刺激的不良应激反应可能完全是皮层下的，然而，对疼痛鉴别的良好判断和情感性加重在局部可能为皮层水平。

These lesions are nonspecific, cortically and subcortically based, multi-focal and can show mild enhancement.

这些病灶不具有特异性，皮层及皮层下白质均可受累，常为多发性病灶，病灶可出现轻度强化。

Histology revealed ectatic vessels in the superficial dermis and large atypical lymphoid cells filling the small blood vessels in the deep dermis.

病理下可见表浅真皮层有扩张的血管以及深部真皮层的小血管内充满大型的肿瘤性淋巴球。

Under these two kinds of stimuli, thalamocortical pathway shows prominent properties of short-term synaptic depression, which is alike those of intracortical synapses.

在这两种刺激模式下，正常成年大鼠的丘脑皮层主要视觉通路均表现出明显的短时程抑制特性，并且与皮层内突触的特性相似。

Ochotona curzoniae and Microtus oeconomus might be de-sensitive or have high endurance to hypoxia;hypoxia had smaller effects on their Epo expressions in both the kidney and the prefrontal cortex.

高原鼠兔和根田鼠大脑前额叶皮层Epo的蛋白表达在10.8%O_2和8.0%O_2的常压低氧条件下没有变化；10.8%O_2和8.0%O_2的常压低氧显著促进了小鼠大脑前额叶皮层Epo蛋白的表达。

Result: Compared to normal subjects, some functional regions associated with encoding, maintenance and retrieval process showed increased activation in schizophrenia patients, i.e. right precuneus for encoding process, left PMA, left DLPFC, right precuneus and left VLPFC for maintaince process, left PMA for retrieval process. In addition, subcortical structures, primary motor cortex and some verbal regions in left temporal lobe also showed more activation.

结果：与正常组比较，患者组工作记忆不同认知过程的执行脑区激活程度增加，编码期激活增加脑区为右侧楔前叶，维持期激活增加脑区为左侧PMA、左侧DLPFC、右侧楔前叶及左侧VLPFC，提取期激活增加脑区为左侧PMA，而且患者组还激活了更多皮层下结构、初级运动皮层及左侧颞叶语言相关脑区。

There were no significant differences for the firing rates in the site of contralateral TNC neurons among during pre-CSD,CSD,and post-CSD (P＞0.05).For flunarizine group,the firing rates in the site of ipsilateral TNC neurons during pre-CSD were higher as compared with during CSD(P＜0.05).2.1 There were statistical differences on palasma levels of CGRP and SP among the three groups(P＜0.05).The levels of CGRP and SP in CSD group were higher than control group(P＜0.05).No significant differences on the levels of CGRP and SP in ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia were found among the three groups(P＞0.05).2 The number of neurons with positive CGRP and SP immunoreactivity was statistically different in right-sided trigeminal ganglia among the three groups (P＜0.05).The number in fight-sided trigeminal ganglia in CSD group was higher as compared with control group(P＜0.05).The number in right-sided trigeminal ganglia was statistically higher than that in left-sided trigeminal ganglion in CSD group(P＜0.05).3.1 Altered ReHo in ipsilateral pons and other brain regions response to pain such as basal nuclei,thalamus,cingulated gyms and prefrontal cortex was detected during the acute spontaneous attack as compared with during headache remission(P＜0.05,corrected by Monte Carlo simulation). 2 Positive functional connectivity was detected between ipsilateral pons and other brain regions related to pain within pain state and within non-pain state (P＜0.05,corrected by false discovery rate,FDR).Increased functional correlation between ipsilateral pons and other pain-related brain regions such as ipsilateral prefrontal cortex and contralateral subcallosal gyrus was detected during the acute spontaneous attack as compared with during headache remission(P＜0.05,corrected by Monte Carlo simulation).

结果1。对照组未发现CSD；同侧TNC放电频率，CSD中＞CSD后＞CSD前P＜0.05对侧TNC放电频率，CSD前、中、后无统计学差异(P＞0.05氟桂利嗪组同侧TNC放电频率，CSD前＞CSD中(P＜0.05)，CSD前与CSD后及CSD中与CSD后之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。2.1关于放免测定，各组血浆CGRP、SP水平有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，CSD组高于对照组(P＜0.05)，CSD组与氟桂利嗪组、对照组与氟桂利嗪组之间均无统计学差异P＞0.05各组之间同侧三叉神经节中CGRP、SP水平未见变化(P＞0.05.2关于免疫组化研究，右侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫阳性细胞数三组之间有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，多重两两比较结果CSD组大于对照组(P＜0.05)，CSD组与氟桂利嗪组之间、对照组与氟桂利嗪组之间无统计学差异P＞0.05左侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫阳性细胞数三组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05CSD组中右侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫反应阳性细胞数大于左侧(P＜0.05)。3.1局部一致性分析发现两组患者头痛疼痛状态较非疼痛状态脑活动发生变化的脑区有同侧脑桥以及其他疼痛相关脑区如基底节区、丘脑、扣带回、前额叶皮层等(P＜0.05，蒙特卡罗模拟校正)。2功能连接分析发现疼痛状态与非疼痛状态下主要疼痛相关脑区均与同侧脑桥有功能联系P＜0.05，false discovery rate，FDR校正疼痛状态与非疼痛状态比较，同侧前额叶皮层、对侧胼胝下回等疼痛相关脑区与同侧脑桥之间功能联系增强(P＜0.05，蒙特卡罗模拟校正。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。