下的

They include:collinearity--an invariance under the projective transformation group;Parallelisminvariance under the affine transformation group;the direction of angles--aninvariance under the rotation transformation group.

这些几何不变性质包括共线性——在射影变换群下的不变性；平行性——在仿射变换群下的不变性；角的方向——在欧氏平移变换群下的不变性。

To examine the capacity of alkaline resistance of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz seedlings,the contents of MDA,soluble sugar and proline,and the activity of POD and SOD in Albizzia julibrissin durazz tree body were measured by means of visible spectrophotometry.

为检测合欢幼苗的抗碱胁迫能力，文章试验利用可见分光光度法测定了碱胁迫下合欢幼苗体内的丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及POD、SOD活性，分析这些生理指标在不同处理浓度、不同处理时间下的变化规律，探求碱胁迫下合欢幼苗的抗逆生理机制。

This paper introduced the cable anchor support technology under the situation of compound roof for Yongxia mining area, analyzed the principle of anchor rod with cable anchor , and made a declaration for the support parameters.

介绍了永夏矿区复合顶板条件下煤巷锚网索支护技术的情况，分析了复合顶板条件下锚杆加锚索支护的原理，并对支护参数进行了说明，对类似条件下的巷道支护具有较强的指导意义。

NBTI effects can also be influenced by ratio of signal and vacancy. The dynamic characteristics in NBTI degradation was revealed under action of negative and positive gate voltage, degradation can be recovered by positive gate voltage stress.

在负-正-负栅压交替作用下PMOSFET器件中会呈现退化-钝化-退化的动态作用过程，正栅压作用下的PMOSFET器件特性退化会有一定程度的恢复，这是由于在正栅压作用下NBTI反应产物逆向向Si／SiO〓界面处运动从而发生钝化作用造成的。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

To study the regular human gaits,the test system based on string displacement sensor and human joint angle measurement instrument are used to measure the motion trajectory of anklebone and the joint angles of lower limb under walking in different road conditions,and the measurement data is analyzed and treated based on human rigidbody model and with data fusion method.Then the gaittrajectories and standphases are gotten under the condition of upstairs,normal walking and downstairs.The result shows that the longest standphase is in upstairs condition,the middle is normal walking and the shortest is downstairs.

为研究人体的步态运动规律，采用基于拉线传感器检测系统和人体关节角度测量装置，对人在不同路况下行走时踝关节运动轨迹和下肢关节角度进行了测量，根据人体下肢刚体模型和数据融合方法对测量结果进行了分析和处理，得到了人在上楼梯、平地行走和下楼梯时的步态轨迹和3种路况下的支撑相；上楼梯时的支撑相最大，平地行走次之，下楼梯最小。

To evaluate a material, the difference between ambient temperature and that in the chimney is recorded continuously using thermocouples and compared with a calibration curve derived in a similar manner using asbestos cement board of a specific density.

评估一种材料，在室温下测量温度与在烟囱下测量的区别在于，烟囱下的测量是用热电偶不停地测量温度并把温度与校准曲线比较，该校准曲线是来源于采用一定比重的石棉胶合板的相似的方法。

With the use of analytical and numerical analysis to analyse the stability and attractability of the network using the two learning rules, the associative memory of the network using higher-order projection algorithm is better than that of using higher-order Hebbian algorithm.

通过在解析和数值两方面对这两种学习规则下网络的稳定性和吸引性的分析，可以看出高阶投影规则下网络的联想记忆性能比高阶Hebb规则下的要好。

If all the flows getting into the system were constrained by the leaky-bucket parameters, the maximum cell delay and the buffer content bound were got when the capacity of the crosspoint was enough, and the maximum cell delay and the buffer capacity bound which can guarantee the maximum cell delay were also got when the content of the crosspoint was not enough.

在各数据流都由令牌桶参数约束的条件下，得到了交叉点缓存容量足够大情况下的最大信元时延和缓存临界容量大小，还得到了交叉点缓存容量不足够大情况下的最大信元时延以及保证信元具有时延上界的缓存临界容量大小。

It is indicated that the rainfall seepage is controlled to the embankment in superficial layer, the influence of precipitation and evaporation are weaken, the deformation values of the frost heave are decreased in the horizontal plastic drain embankment.

水平排水板在冻土路基工程中，可以有效控制雨水量在路堤下的下渗，减小雨水下渗量所带来的多年冻土路基的冻胀变形。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。