下界集

Though comparing Canny operator and center B spline dyadic wavelet, the following conclusion is proven in this dissertation: a Center B spline function has tight support and Canny operator hasn't. b Center B spline function asymptotic convergence to Gaussian function and the derivative of Center B spline function asymptotic convergence to Canny operator. c The derivative of fourth order center spline B function is more suitable as a optimal edge detector than Canny operator. d Center B spline function can balance the smoothing and approximation of original data, and the fourth center B spline function is the only optimal solution of two order smoothing problem. e The error between the valve of time-frequency uncertainty of the fourth center B spline function and the lower bound of time-frequency uncertainty does not exceed 0.143% of the lower bound. f The derivative of center spline B function can construct a stability dyadic wavelet and can give a fast algorithm for multiscale edge detection, but Canny operator can do neither.

作者给出了Canny算子与中心B样条二进小波严格的比较证明，得出如下结论：a中心B样条函数具有紧支集，Canny算子不具有紧支集。b中心B样条函数的极限收敛于高斯函数，中心B样条函数的导数收敛于Canny算子。c四阶中心B样条函数的导数比Canny算子更接近最佳边缘检测滤波器。d中心B样条函数比高斯函数更能兼顾对原函数平滑和逼近的折中要求，并且四阶中心B样条函数是二阶逼近问题的唯一最优解。e四阶中心B样条函数的时频测不准关系值与时频测不准关系下界的逼近误差不超过0.143％。f中心B样条函数的导数可以构成稳定的二进小波，存在快速的多尺度算法；而Canny算子不构成稳定的二进小波，无法给出快速的多尺度算法。

FR conjugate gradient methods with perturbations are proposed. The global convergence property of the first method is proved under the condition of main directions' sufficient descent. Whereas, in the proof of the convergence for the other two methods, we only need main directions' descent. Importantly and quite interesting, boundedness conditions such as objective function being bounded below, boundedness of level set are not needed. Chapter 5 presents a version of Dai-Yuan conjugate gradient method with perturbations.

在主方向充分下降的条件下证明了第一个方法的全局收敛性，而后两个方法的收敛性是在主方向下降的条件下证明的，这些收敛性证明的一个共同特征就是不需要目标函数有下界或水平集有界等有界性条件，第5章采用Wolfe或Armijo步长规则提出了带扰动项的Dai-Yuanabbr。

By formulating the growth of the Local times, we thus obtain the lower bounds of the Hausdorff measure functions for the level sets of strictly stable processes.

进一步，我们考虑了该局部时的增量的变化率，从而获得了水平集的Hausdorff测度函数下界。

By extending the concepts of supremum and infimum in real space to the casein any finite-dimensional Euclidean space a weak supremum set and infimumset theory with respect to cones for the set in finite-dimensional Euclideanspace is developed,and several similar properties to the set in real space are ob-tained,with the concepts of this weak supremumset,w-D-conjugate maps and w-D-subdifferentials theory for the point-to-setmap are developed,and its several properties and its relationships with weakefficient solutions of the multiobjective programming are studied.

推广实空间中上、下确界的概念至任意有限维欧氏空间，建立了有限维欧氏空间中集合的锥弱上、下确界集理论，得到了与实空间中十分相似的性质。借助于这一理论，应用上、下确界的概念，给出了点集映象的w-D-共轭映象及w-D-次微分理论，并研究了它们的若干特性及其与弱有效解之间的关系，此外还讨论了弱鞍点问题。

With given circumradius R and inradius r,two fundamental inequalities related to the lower bound of the area A and perimeter p of a convex set K are obtained.

在给定平面凸集K的外径R和内径r的条件下，得到了关于凸集的面积A和周长p的下界的一组不等式，并且证明了当凸集K为双帽体时不等式取得等号。

The Hausdorff measure for the level sets of multi-parameter symmetric stable processes has been obtained and the inner connection of the measures and local times for it has been demonstrated, which describes the fractal nature for the level sets of this kind of processes. As we know, it is always one of the focuses in the field of random fractal. The reasult of the existence and continuity of the local time for multi-parameter stochastic processes with stable components has been got in the project. Then we gained the measure for the random fractal sets such as the range and graph of this kind of processes. Furthermore, a progress besides the mentioned above in the project is that we have resolved the multifractal analysis of the sample paths for Brownian sheet, that is the multifractal decomposition of white noise in high dimension.

解决了多指标对称稳定过程水平集的Hausdorff测度问题，同时给出N指标d维稳定过程水平集的Hausdorff测度下界的最佳估计，它们揭示了其水平集的测度与局部时之间的内在关系，刻划了多指标对称稳定过程水平集的分形特征，表明了研究此类问题的积极意义，该问题是随机分形研究领域的国内外学者所关注的热点问题之一；解决了多指标稳定分量过程的局部时存在性与连续性问题，进而解决了由多指标稳定分量过程产生的随机分形集--象集、图集的测度问题；此外，本研究项目还解决了布朗单样本轨道的重分形分析，即高维白噪音的重分形分析问题。

And an algorithm of mining association rules with lower bound constraint is presented, which based on FP-Tree.

最后提出了基于FP-Tree的下界约束算法，采用了预先测试的方法，降低了需要测试项集的数量和计算成本。

On the other hand, we obtain a partial estimate principle, by which we can estimate the lower bound of packing measure for the self-similar sets satisfying strong separation condition.

除此之外，受到文献[46]的启发，利用自相似技巧，本文还得到一个部分估计方法，用于估计满足强分离条件自相似集的填充测度的下界。

Compare to existing results for general graph, new lower bound on the size of the minimum feedback vertex set of-star graph is given based on its special structure.

本文主要讨论了关于组合星图反馈结点集的下界问题，在基于组合星图的性质和已有相关结果的基础上，给出了组合星图反馈结点集的新的下界。

We analyse the probability of success in deception by malicious groups of receivers, discuss the threshould schemes with limited the number of malicious receivers, give the calculation formule of probability of successful attacks in any transmitted information, and information - theoretic lower bounds,show the size of the secret key space for each participation under the securiey level, provide the construction about the authentication schemes.

第三部分提出了动态会议认证系统，利用动态会议系统的特点，引入验证密钥集，我们运用熵函数，交互信息量及概率分布等方法，对限制内部欺骗者个数的情况进行了分析，得出了欺骗者对系统实施各种攻击成功概率的计算公式及信息论下界，说明了系统在某一安全水平下，各用户应掌握的密钥量。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。